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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the characteristics of science |
It is based off observations search for regularities processing information and self correcting processes |
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Compare and contrast science and technology |
Science is a tool that allows us to comprehend natural phenomena and technology is the application of science. Science is neither good or bad but technology can be. |
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Describe several characteristics of a well designed experiment |
It must contain a control variable independent variable and dependent variable. It need a hypothesis and several trials and testable |
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In an experiment designed to test the effects of outboard motor oil on the growth of algae identify the control the independent and dependent variables. Construct a simple hypothesis |
Independent- how much concentration. Dependant- algae growth control- brand of oil, temp. Hypothesis- as concentration of oil increases the growth rate of algae will decrease |
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Explain why the use of scientific notation is important |
It makes looking at either really large or really small numbers easier and much easier to manage |
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What is the advantage of using the metric system |
It is used as the universal system of measurement. The system is used based on units of 10 making it easy to convert units by only having to move the decimal place. |
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Describe the difference between estimating the volume of a fluid in a graduated cylinder made of glass compared with one made of plastic. |
Glass are hydrophilic and plastic is hydrophobic making glass graduated cylinders not able to deliver all of the liquid fluid in them when poured out because some of the liquid will adhere |
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Why is taring a balance important? |
Because when you're weighing an object you are looking for an accurate number if the balance is not set to zero your calculations will be off therefore incorrect. |
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Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen cold enough to exist in the liquid form. It has a booking point of -320.4 °F. Convert this value to degrees celsius. |
-195.7 |
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Why is a standard unit of measurement necessary in science and industry |
It makes it where everyone can understand what someone else is saying and have a clear understanding of it. |
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Describe the advantage of using the metric system over the English system |
Converting the metric system is easier because everything is based on units of 10 so to convert all you have to do is move decimal places |
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What is the SI system |
It is the modernized version of the metric system and is based on units of 10s. |
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What is the proper way to move the revolving nosepiece? |
To move the nosepiece itself instead of by the objectives |
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When should you use the coarse adjustment? |
On scanning and low power |
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With increased magnification what happens to the field of view? |
The field of view becomes smaller as details become more clear |
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What is the advantage of an oil-immersion objective? |
It created finer resolution and help observe smaller organisms |
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What is the purpose of a wet mount |
To view fresh specimens |
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When should an oil-immersion objective be used |
In light microscopy to increase the resolution |
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What is the advantage of parfocal objectives |
They stay in focus when magnification is changed |
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Discuss resolving power |
The ability of a microscope to distinguish 2 close together image as being seperate |
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Discuss the relationship between plane of focus, depth of field, illumination, and magnification |
Depth of field of affected by magnification and plane of focus is affected by illumination |
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What is the magnification of a microscope with a 10X ocular and a 95X oil-immersion objective? |
950 |
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List the three rules to remember when focusing a microscope |
1. Use code adjustment knob with scanning knob. 2. Use the fine adjustment knob with high power or oil-immersion 3. Adjust the distance bit oculars to match the distance bit pupils |
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When carbon dioxide was bubbled through the pink basic solution why did the solution become clear? |
The carbon dioxide from the expiration formed with the water making carbonic acid. It slowly neutralized the basic solution turning it clear up |
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What causes heartburn? |
Irritation of the lower esophagus by stomach acid |
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What is the basic function of antacids |
To "neutralize" acid stomach. They absorb excess hydrogen ions from stomach acid to relieve the stomach |
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Compare and contrast an acid and a base and provide examples of each. |
Acids form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, have pH values below 7, and litum turns red ex: vinegar and lemons Bases reduce concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, pH value above 7, and litnus turns blue ex: antacid hand soap Both have hydrogen ions are not neutral and water based |
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Describe the organization of a pH scale. |
It is organized by from acidic or basic the scale goes from 0 to 14. 7 is neutral and lower the number the more acidic. 0-6.9 is acidic 7.1-12 is basic |
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If tomato juice has a pH of 3 how many more H+ ions are present in lemon juice with a pH of 2 |
10 |
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If hydrochloric acid which constitutes gastric juice, has a pH of 1 hownmany H+ ion are present than in grapes with a pH of 4 |
1000 |
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Name three natural indicators |
Litmus, red cabbage and hydrangeas |
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PH paper used to identify if a substance is acidic or basic was previously derived from organisms called lichens. What is the significance of natural indicators |
They relate info by changing color to inform observers kf whether materials are acidic or basic |
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What is a reducing sugar? Provide several examples |
These sugars can be monosaccharide and sometimes disaccharides that possess a didehyde or ketone functional group. Ex: fructose ribose. And xylose |
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Before more sophisticated methods were developed, Benedict's reagent was used to test urine samples for diagnosing diabetes mellitus. What is present in the urine of individuals with diabetes and which property of this substance is detected by the reagent |
Sugar is present in urine when a person has diabetes it's ability to use oxidizing agents |
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What is a peptide bond? |
Covalent bond that forms between the amino acid in carboxyl group |
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Suggest the result of testing a protein supplement with the Biuret reagent |
Turn dark violet |
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What are phospholipids and where are they found |
Can form lipid bilayers major component of all cell membranes |
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What is an essential amino acid |
It cannot be made by the body but must be supplied by our diets |
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What reagents are used to rest for the presence of a sugar a starch a lipid and a protein |
Sugar: sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, and copper sulfate Starch: iodine- potassium and iodide Lipid: hydrophic interaction with 1 nonpolar molecule Protein: 1% copper sulfate, sodium potassium, hydroxide |
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Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats |
Saturated contain animal fats and vegetable shortening. These substances are normally solid at room temp. Unsaturated are liquid at room temp |
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Define hydrocarbon |
Organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon . |
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Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
Prokaryotic: smaller,unicellular, no nucleus Eukaryotic: larger,complex, has nucleus and membrane bound organelles Both: have ribosomes and DNA |
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Compare and contrast plant and animal cells |
Plant:cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole Animal:no cell wall,no chloroplasts, multiple smaller vacuoles Both: organelles, cell membrane, and cytoskeleton |
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In your own words explain why fresh pineapple or pineapple juice should not be added to a jello salad |
It has bromalade so it will break apart the protein and will not solidify |
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Explain how extremes of temperature and pH alter the activity of an enzyme |
It will denature the enzyme when heated if cold and it will not bind |
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Why is catalase important? |
So it will break down hydrogen peroxide |
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What is the importance of the reusability of enzymes |
To save energy and time |
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What is an enzyme |
A biological catalyst that accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected by the reaction |
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What is activation energy |
The original input of energy necessary to initiate a reaction |
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Name several variables that may affect enzyme action |
Cofactors, coenzymes,temperature, pH,substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and inhibitors |
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What happens when an enzyme is denatured |
The shape of the enzyme is altered and it loses its function |
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Can food processing and cooking foods affect enzymes in our food products? Why? |
Yes, because it breaks them down or denatures them. |
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Divine diffusion |
Random movements of molecules from regions of greater concentration to regions of lesser concentration |
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What factors influence the rate of diffusion? |
Concentration of solution,temperature, type of membrane,and pressure |
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During hurricanes, saltwater is blown into fresh water marshes. Why do many of the freshwater plants and fish die? |
They get in a solution they shouldn't be in and it dehydrates them |
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Compare and contrast active and passive transport |
Active: uses energy and goes against concentration gradient Passive: no energy used, moves from high to low concentration Both: control substance movement inside and outside the cell |
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Describe osmosis |
Water movement across a plasma membrane |
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What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis |
Phagocytosis engulfs foreign substances and pinocytosis ingests dissolved nutrients |
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Explain why a sailor set adrift cannot drink seawater |
it will dehydrate him faster than normal |
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Describe what happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solution |
Hypotonic: the cell will swell and burst from water moving inside cell Hypertonic: the cell will shrivel from water moving outside the cell Isotonic: the cell will remain the same because movement is equal |
