Lab Exam 4: Lower Limbs - Surface Anatomy; Muscle Insertion/action;

Front 1

Pic of surface anatomy (legs)

Back 1

Front 2

Pic of surface anatomy (pelvic girdle - anterior)

Back 2

Front 3

Pic of surface anatomy (pelvic girdle - posterior)

Back 3

Front 4

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Psoas Major?

Back 4

Origin: T12 and lumbar vertebrae (lateral side)

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Action: flexes thigh and trunk, lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 5

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Iliacus?

Back 5

Origin: iliac fossa and crest, lateral sacrum

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft of femur

Action: flexes thigh and trunk, lateral flexion of vertebral column (same as psoas major)

Front 6

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Gluteus Maximus?

Back 6

Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Action: extends the thigh, lateral rotation and abduction of thigh

Front 7

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Gluteus Medius?

Back 7

Origin: lateral surface of the ilium on anterior gluteal line

Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

Action: abducts and medially rotates the thigh

Front 8

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Tensor fasciae latae?

Back 8

Origin: anterior iliac crest and ASIS

Insertion: iliotibial tract

Action: flexes and abducts the thigh, medial rotation of thigh

Front 9

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Sartorius?

Back 9

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: medial aspect of the proximal tibia

Action: flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh, flexes the leg

*indian style muscle

Front 10

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Vastus medialis?

Back 10

Origin: linea aspera and intertrochanteric line

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extension of leg

Front 11

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Rectus femoris?

Back 11

Origin: ASIS and superior margin of the acetabulum

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Action: extension of the leg and flexes the thigh

Front 12

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Gracilis?

Back 12

Origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis and ischial ramus

Insertion: medial surface of the tibia inferior to medial condyle

Action:adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh, flexes leg

Front 13

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Adductor magnus?

Back 13

Origin: ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur

Action:adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh extends the leg

Front 14

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Semitendinosus?

Back 14

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial aspect of the tibia

Action:extension of the thigh and flexion of the leg

Front 15

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Biceps femoris?

Back 15

Origin: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of the femur

Insertion: head of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

Action:extends the thigh and flexes the leg

Front 16

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Tibialis anterior?

Back 16

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia, tibial shaft and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of the 1st metatarsal

Action:dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Front 17

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Gastrocnemius?

Back 17

Origin: medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Insertion: calcaneous via calcaneal tendon

Action: plantar flexion of the foot and weak flexion of the leg

Front 18

What is a First class lever (Class I)?

Back 18

- fulcrum in the middle

E-F-L

*can be either mechanical advantage or disadvantage

ex) triceps extending forearms (disadvantage, but speedy)

Front 19

What is a 2nd class lever (Class II)?

Back 19

- load in the middle

F-L-E

ex) wheelbarrow or toes; high strength, low speed, low range of motion

Front 20

What is a 3rd class lever (Class III)?

Back 20

- effort in the middle

F-E-L

ex) biceps

*most common in skeletal muscles (always operates as a mechanical disadvantage; used because it is speedy and has high range of motion)

Front 21

What is mechanical advantage?

Back 21

load closer to fulcrum than effort

- less effort required

Front 22

What is a mechanical disadvantage?

Back 22

load farther from the fulcrum than the effort

- more effort required

Front 23

Skeletal muscle histology

Back 23

note the multiple nuclei along the periphery, and the striations

Front 24

Smooth muscle histology (100x)

Back 24

- no striations

Front 25

Smooth muscle histology (400x)

Back 25

- the exam will show a cross section of the gut, showing a wide tubular smooth muscle later surrounding the gut lumen

Front 26

Smooth muscle (gut)

Back 26

2 layers of smooth muscle: wide band (easy to see; cause constrict) and longitudinal smooth muscle (shorten and dilate)

- nuclei of circular smooth muscle

Front 27

Cardiac muscle

Back 27

- the disks should appear darker and thicker than the striations