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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pepsin |
a proteolytic enzyme (protein digesting) secreted in an inactive form pepsinogen |
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Pepsinogen |
secreted by gastric glands In gastric lumen, activated by hydrochloric acid and active pepsin is formed |
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Peptic digestion of proteins results in formation of (3) |
Proteoses Peptones Polypeptides |
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proteoses, peptones, polypeptides are eventually digested into amino acids in the small intestine under the influence of (3) |
trypsin chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase |
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what pH level is pepsin most effective |
pH 2.0 |
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many of the carbohydrates we eat are in form of starch known as |
polysaccharides |
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to absorb into the bloodstream the polysaccharides must be broken down to? |
monosaccharides |
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salivary amylase or ptyalin is secreted in the mouth to break the polysaccharides into the ? |
disaccharide maltose |
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salivary amylase is inactivated by the acid conditions in the stomach after 15-30 minutes, this results in |
the digestion of starch (polysaccharide) by salivary amylase is minimal |
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what does pancreatic lipase digest (2) |
triglycerides to monoglycerides free fatty acids |
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the optimum pH for activity of pancreatic lipase depends on the types of fatty acids contained in the triglyceride molecule and ranges from what pH levels? |
pH 7 - 9.0 |
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because the pancreas also secretes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate into the small intestine, the luminal fluid is usually acidic? alkaline?, alowing form optimal lipase activity |
alkaline |
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Define emulsification |
the dispersion (separation) of large aggregates of fat (lipids) into smaller droplets *only way for lipase to be most effective to attack lipids |
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primary function of bile salts |
emulsification |
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purpose of tubes being incubated at 37.0 C |
to mimic human body temperature |
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purpose of Benedicts solution |
test for presence of monosaccharides and disaccharides |
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purpose of Lugol's Iodine |
tests for presence of starch |
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Taste bud |
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Salivary gland Pointer on salivary duct |
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Stomach Know Tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa, rugae, simple columnar epithelium of mucosa, gastric pits down to submucosa: mucous cells, parietal and chief cells |
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Small intestine Know 4 layers, villi, intestinal glands (Crypts of Lieberkuhn) in tunica Mucosa, duodenal glands (Brunners) glands in submucosa |
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Colon / large intestine Know goblet cells, lymphoid nodules |
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Liver Know central vein, hepatocytes, sinusoids |
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Pancreas Islets of Langerhans, scattered among acini |
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What is ptyalin |
Salivary amylase |
