A&p 2 Lab Chapter12 - Digestive System

Front 1

vestibule

Back 1

the space between the lips, cheeks, and teeth

Front 2

tongue

Back 2

thick muscular organ that aids in mixing and moving food during chewing

Front 3

papillae

Back 3

rough projections on the tongue that hold food

Front 4

taste buds

Back 4

buried inside some papillae used for taste(fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate)

Front 5

frenulum

Back 5

the structure that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Front 6

palate

Back 6

the roof of the mouth, sub divided into the hard palate and the soft palate

Front 7

hard palate

Back 7

anterior portion of the palate, supported, by the palatine bones and the palatine processes of the maxillae

Front 8

soft palate

Back 8

posterior portion of the palate that is soft and flexible, it works with the uvula to close off the opening into the nasal cavity to prevent food from entering

Front 9

uvula

Back 9

the downward extension of the soft palate in the back of the mouth, works with the soft palate to close off the opening into the nasal cavity to prevent food from entering

Front 10

palatine tonsils

Back 10

lymphatic tissue located at the back of the mouth and on either side of the tongue

Front 11

gum

Back 11

surronunds the teeth to hold them in place

Front 12

lingual tonsil

Back 12

bumpy projections at the root of the tongue, not to be confused with papillae

Front 13

pharyngeal tonsil

Back 13

located on the posterior wall of the pharynx above the soft palate

Front 14

parotid gland

Back 14

ducts that run from the salivary glands to the vestibule, located in front of the ear

Front 15

sublingual gland

Back 15

a small gland that lies under the tongue and anterior to the submandibular gland, opens to the mouth via 10 to 12 ducts in the floor of the mouth

Front 16

submandibular gland

Back 16

walnut size gland, located medial to each side of the mandible, its ducts open to the base of the frenulum

Front 17

trachea

Back 17

aka windpipe, located below the epiglottis and the larynx to the lungs

Front 18

pharynx

Back 18

the cavity directly behind the mouth and connects to the esophagus

Front 19

epiglottis

Back 19

a flap like structure that closes the trachea during swallowing

Front 20

crown

Back 20

1 of 2 regions of a tooth that is above the gum line and covered with enamel

Front 21

enamel

Back 21

the outer covering of the crown and is the hardest known substance in the body

Front 22

dentine

Back 22

locate below the enamel layer of a tooth, constitutes the bulk of the tooth, not as hard as enamel but harder than bone

Front 23

pulp

Back 23

the substance found in the pulp cavity that consists of blood vessels and nerves

Front 24

pulp cavity

Back 24

the cavity that contains the pulp and is an area that is surrounded by dentine, it extends down into the root

Front 25

root

Back 25

the portion of the tooth that is embedded into the jaw bone

Front 26

cementum

Back 26

the outer surface of the root that aids in anchoring the tooth in place, it consist of calcified connective tissue

Front 27

neck

Back 27

the region where the crown and the root meet

Front 28

esophagus

Back 28

carries food from throat to stomach by peristalsis

Front 29

stomach

Back 29

storage, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion of proteiin, produce intrinsic factor

Front 30

regions of the stomach

Back 30

cardiac sphincter, cardiac region, fundic region, body, pyloric region, pyloric sphincter, rugae

Front 31

cardiac sphincter

Back 31

opens to allow food to enter stomach, closes to prevent reflux into esophagus

Front 32

pyloric sphincter

Back 32

controls movement of stomach contents into duodenum

Front 33

rugae

Back 33

allows stomach to expand when full, aids in mechanical digestion

Front 34

pancreas

Back 34

produces hormones insulin and glucagen

Front 35

pancreatic duct

Back 35

carries enzymes to duodenum

Front 36

liver

Back 36

performs 200 metabolic and regulatory functions produces bile emulsification of fats

Front 37

gall bladder

Back 37

stores bile

Front 38

hepatic duct

Back 38

carries bile from liver to commone bile duct

Front 39

cystic duct

Back 39

carries bile to and from gall bladder

Front 40

common bile duct

Back 40

carries bile from bepatic and cystic ducts to duodenum

Front 41

small intestine

Back 41

site of most digestion and absorption of all food types

Front 42

duodenum

Back 42

?

Front 43

jejunum

Back 43

?

Front 44

Ileum

Back 44

?

Front 45

large intestine(colon)

Back 45

reabsorbs water from indigestible food, bacterial flora here produce b and k and gasses

Front 46

ileocecal valve

Back 46

controls movement from ileum to cecum

Front 47

appendix

Back 47

?

Front 48

cecum

Back 48

?

Front 49

ascending colon

Back 49

?

Front 50

transverse colon

Back 50

?

Front 51

descending colon

Back 51

?

Front 52

sigmoid colon

Back 52

?

Front 53

rectum

Back 53

final formation and storage of feces

Front 54

anus

Back 54

elimination of feces from the body

Front 55

mucosa

Back 55

absorption, secretion, protection from infection

Front 56

villus

Back 56

finger like projections increase surface area

Front 57

columnar epithelium

Back 57

active and passive absorption, goblet cells that secrete mucus

Front 58

capillaries

Back 58

smallest blood vessels, absorption of nutrients, gas exchange

Front 59

lacteal

Back 59

lymphoid capillaries in small intestine, uptake of fatty acids(lipids)

Front 60

crypt of lieberkuhn

Back 60

secrete intestinal juice and replace mucosa cells

Front 61

peyer's patch

Back 61

lymph tissue in mucosa, keep bacteria from entering bloodstream

Front 62

submucosa

Back 62

connective tissue layer, contains blood and lymph vessels and nerves

Front 63

arterioles

Back 63

vessels that carry oxygenated blood to capillaries

Front 64

venules

Back 64

vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries toward liver

Front 65

lymphatic vessels

Back 65

collect fatty lymph fluid from lacteals and carry to bloodstream

Front 66

muscularis

Back 66

propels food through digestive tract by peristalsis

Front 67

circular layer

Back 67

inner layer of muscularis that squeezes intestine

Front 68

longitudinal layer

Back 68

external layer of muscularis that shortens intestine

Front 69

serosa

Back 69

outer layer, same as visceral peritoneum, protects, reduces friction, simple squamous epithelium