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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the plasma membrane do?
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Regulates movement in and out of the cell
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What is the phospholipid bilayer?
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This is the bilayer heads are polar and the tails are created by fatty acid and are non polar
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Membrane Proteins do what?
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Help transport material across the membrane
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What is meant by the phospholipid bilayer being semi permiable or selectively permiable
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Lipid soluble molecules pass through as do no polar and small polar molecules pass through as well..
IONS and most polar molecules are repelled |
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What allows impermiable items to pass through like ions and other polar molecules?
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Channel proteins
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What is diffusion?
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Random movement of molecules
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What type of energy does diffusion use?
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kinetic
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When molecules diffuse across a membrane, net movement of molecules from high to low concentration eventually produces ???
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equilibrium
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The process of passing through the membrane is also referred to as???
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Dialysis
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What is needed when the molecule is too large to use a channel
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Carrier Proteins
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What is active transport
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Carrier Proteins are sometimes equipped to use ATP’s energy to push molecules against a concentration gradient
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What is Passive transport
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Simple Diffusion across the plasma membrane is referred to as passive transport.
Passive transport that uses a carrier protein is sometimes referred to as facilitated diffusion |
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Molecule Pumps are
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molecules that active transport “pumps” molecules against a concentration gradient.
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What is Co _transport
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Cells can use diffusion of one item (e.g. sodium) to push a different molecule against a concentration gradient (e.g. glucose). Organs specialized in absorption are often lined with cells that have co- transport proteins (e.g. intestine and kidney).
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Very large materials enter or exit the cell via ???
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endocytosis or exocytosis
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Exocytosis is ?
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a small bubble of membrane fuses with the outer plasma membrane to release its contents to the outside
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how many Forms of Endocytosis do we recognize here and what are they?
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3
pinocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis phagocytosis |
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What is pinocytosis
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a small amount of water-soluble material is brought into the cell with a pinched off bubble of membrane called a vesicle
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what is Receptor-mediated endocytosis
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uses receptors to accomplish basically the same thing.
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What is phagocytosis
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a large particle (even a small cell such as a bacterium) is brought into the cell with a vesicle.
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Isotonic environment
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Solute concentration is the same inside and out. Equal diffusion of water inside and out. Normal cell
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Hypertonic environment
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Solute concentration is higher outside the cell. Water diffuses out of the cell. Crenated cell
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Hypotonic environment
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Solute concentration is lower outside the cell. Water diffuses into the cell. Hemolysis of the cell
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Hydrostatic pressure
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exerts a force on molecules which can force them across a semipermeable membrane
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What can force molecules from lower to high concentration areas and oppose osmotic pressure
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Filtration
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