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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define:
behaviorism |
psychological approach that stresses rewards and punishment
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macro sociological perspective
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larger and more remote interaction
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give examples of american values
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hardwork, justice, freedom, equality, patronism, etc.
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define:
Mechanical Solidarity |
social relations that are based on simularities
(ex. language, culture, religion) |
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define:
game stage |
children take the role of multiple others
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who believed that social relations are determined by economic factors(conflict)?
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Karl Marx
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define:
reliability |
findings are consistent with other studies in a field about the same thing
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define:
concept |
an abstraction communicated in worlds that stand for properties that are common to a range of things or events
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correlation
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degree of association
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define:
values |
ideas about what is good, right, or just
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what are the four stages of socialization?
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1. preparation stage
2. play stage 3. game stage 4. Adult stage |
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define:
subcultures |
a small culture that exists within a large culture
(ex. hip hop culture) |
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define:
socialization |
the lifelong process by wich people learn the values, norms, and roles of culture and thus develop their sense of self
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define:
cultural bond |
ethnic, racial, common interest (business), etc.
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define:
opportunity culture theory |
-community and socialization proccess that affects one's access to deviant behaviors
-drug dealers in community -some say most deviant behaviors are spontaneous |
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father of conflict theory of sociology
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Karl Marx
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define:
variables |
A measurement that varies according to what is measured
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What is Cooley's looking glass self theory?
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our self image results from how we interpret the way other people view us
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define:
retreatism |
reject both goals and means
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define:
organic solidarity |
social relations based on differences and independence
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define:
functionalist theory of deviance |
society is characterized by a high degree of consensus over norms and values. Deviance is anaberration that society seeks to eliminate.
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define:
primary groups |
emotional ties, face to face interaction, commitment
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Micro sociological perspective
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social interaction based on direct contact
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define:
proletariat |
work for wages
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define:
Labeling theory of deviance |
Deviant behavior results from the labels attached to behaviors by other people.
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define:
hypothesis |
theory driven idea about the world that can be tested against observation
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define:
culture |
beliefs, behaviors, and products (anything produced in society) common to members of a particular society
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research model
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y=x1+x2+......xn+E ex.-
Poverty=edu.+ unemploy.+e y=dependent variable x1, x2,...xn=independent variables E=error term |
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define:
preparation stage |
children start to relate to the world around them
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3 famous sociolologists who wrote about social order
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-Karl Marx
-Emily Durkenheim -Max Weber |
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define:
Functionalism Theory |
Each individual is assigned a role which they perform. Society has different roles.
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define:
secondary group |
larger and often impersonal and involves remote relationship
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define:
play stage |
children take the role of a particular other
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define:
sociology |
the study of human social relations, groups, and societies
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define:
poverty |
lack of resources/money
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define:
deviant behavior |
behaviors that violate social norms and values of the people in a particular culture
- not necessarily immoral, illegal, or wrong (ex. spitting in public, murder) |
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define:
means of production |
everything that's produced and needed for society
(ex. food,pencils) |
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what are four causes of poverty?
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1. lack of education
2. family economic background 3. culture of poverty (attitude toward work) 4. unemployment |
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define:
innovation |
accept goals but adopt innovative or different means
(ex. drug dealers, petty theft, embezzlement) |
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define:
the word 'me' |
the image we believe others hold of us as we act
(the objective self) |
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Each part of the ____ ____ forms a function that works together to let the society/body function correctly
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'human body'
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Who believed that social relations were based on religious and economic beliefs?
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Max Weber
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define:
reference group |
provide standard for judging one's behavior
-movie stars, advertisement |
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What are Merton's four types of deviance?
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1. innovation
2. ritualism 3. rebellion 4. retreatism |
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define:
the word 'I' |
the impulse to act creative, innovative, or unpredictable (the subjective self)
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define:
Merton's structural strain |
a form of deviance that occurs when a gap exists between the goals society sets for people and the means society provides for people to achieve these goals.
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define:
Conflict Explanation of Deviance |
Conflict believes society consists of different groups and social classes with conflicting interest values.
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define:
countercultures |
cultures that arise in opposition to the prevaiting culture ( happiness in the 60's, gay and lesbians in the 70's)
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What are Erickson's 8 steps of socialization?
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1. early infancy
2. later infancy 3. early chilhood 4. late childhood 5.adolescence 6. young adulthood 7. middle adulthood 8. late adulthood |
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Behaviors are learned and aquired from _____.
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culture
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define:
Adult stage |
Individuals take the role of generalized others
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Durkenheim
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deviance serves the function of defining the normal boundaries
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define:
rebellion |
reject both goals and means of substitute for their own
(ex. counterculture) |
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Those who do not work are______.
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deviant
(ex. alcoholics, mentally ill, handicapped) |
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define:
ritualism |
reject goals and accept means
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define:
material culture |
all physical objects help shape the lifestyle of people in a particular society(ex. computer,cars,air conditioning,classroom)
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define:
validity |
concepts accurately represents claims
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