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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Digestive system organs?
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– Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
– Accessory Organs |
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Which digestive system organ is a tube portion from the mouth to the large intestine?
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Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
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Which digestive system organ aid digestion, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas?
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Accessory Organs
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Digestive system functions?
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– Ingestion
– Secretion – Propulsion – Digestion – Absorption – Defecation |
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Which digestive system function is eating?
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Ingestion
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Which digestive system function is release of substances?
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Secretion
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Which digestive system function is movement?
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Propulsion
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Which digestive system function is chemical and mechanical breakdown?
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Digestion
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Which digestive system function is where products move into blood or lymph?
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Absorption
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Which digestive system function is removal?
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Defecation
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4 layers of the GI tract?
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– Mucosa (innermost)
– Submucosa – Muscularis – Serosa (outermost) |
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What GI tract layer is the innermost?
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Mucosa
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What GI tract layer is the outer most?
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Serosa
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Largest serous membrane?
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Peritoneum
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With teeth, there are 2 sets?
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– Primary
– Permanent |
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With teeth, which set has 20?
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Primary
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With teeth, which set has 32?
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Permanent
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What are the types of digestion in the mouth?
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– Mechanical Digestion
– Chemical Digestion |
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Which digestion in the mouth is muscular contraction?
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Mechanical Digestion
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Which digestion in the mouth is enzymes?
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Chemical Digestion
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2 types of chemical digestion?
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– Salivar Amylase
– Lingual Lipase |
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Which chemical digestion begins carbohydrate breakdown?
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Salivar Amylase
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Which chemical digestion begins lipid breakdown?
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Lingual Lipase
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3 stages of deglutition?
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– Voluntary Stage
– Pharyngeal Stage – Esophageal |
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Which stage of the deglutition is where bolus moves into oropharynx?
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Voluntary Stage
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Which stage of the deglutition is where bolus moves into the esophagus?
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Pharyngeal Stage
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Which stage of the deglutition is where bolus moves into stomach by peristalsis?
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Esophageal Stage
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With deglutition, what controls the entry into the stomach?
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Lower Esophageal Sphincter
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When the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close it is called?
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
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Mixing and holding chamber?
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Stomach
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4 regions of the stomach?
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– Cardia
– Fundus – Body – Pylorus |
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All 4 regions of the stomach emptying into the?
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Duodenum
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These are folds in the stomach?
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Rugae
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The 3 muscularis layers has _____ movements that form liquid _____?
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– Mixing
–Chyme |
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With stomach glands and cell types, what 3 cell types produce gastric juices?
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– Mucus
– Parietal – Chief |
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With stomach glands and cell types, what begins protein breakdown?
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Pepsin
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Accessory digestive organ posterior to stomach?
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Pancreas
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The pancreas is both a _____ & _____ gland?
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– Endocrine
– Exocrine |
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The pancreas secretes _____ digestive enzymes into _____, via the pancreatic _____?
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– Inactive
– Duodenum – Duct |
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The liver and gallbladder are _____ organs?
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Accessory
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2nd largest organ?
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Liver
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Where is the liver located?
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Upper Right Quadrant
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With the liver, _____ produce bile?
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Hepatocytes
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The gallbladder _____ & _____ bile into the duodenum?
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– Stores
– Releases |
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Liver functions?
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– Carbohydrate Metabolism
– Lipid Metabolism – Protein Metabolism – Detoxifies Harmful Substances – Activates Vitamin D – Produces Bile |
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Which liver function forms and breaks down glycogen?
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Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Which liver function emulsifies fat?
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Production of Bile
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The length of the small intestine in a living person?
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10 Feet Long
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3 regions of the small intestine?
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– Duodenum (proximal)
– Jejunum (intermediate) – Ileum (distal) |
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Small intestine function?
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Site of the Most Digestion and Absorption
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With the small intestine, circular folds increase _____ _____ enhancing absorption?
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– Surface Area
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The small intestine, mechanical digestion is a?
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Segmentation
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With the small intestine, this is the surface of absorption cells?
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Microvilli
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With the small intestine, this is finger-like projections that contain blood and lyphatic (laeteals) capillaries?
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Villi
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Mucosa epithelium cells are what type of cells?
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Villi
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With the small intestine, the villi and microvilli both increases surface area enhancing _____?
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Absorption
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Mucosa epithelium cells have 2 types?
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– Absorptive
– Goblet |
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Which type of mucosa epithelium cell are the main cells and absorb materials?
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Absorptive
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Which type of mucosa epithelial cells secrete mucus?
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Goblet
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With absorption in the small intestine, _____ digested carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins _____ the small intestine?
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– Partially
– Enter |
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With absorption in the small intestine, intestinal juice _____ digestion?
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Completes
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___% of nutrient absorption occurs small intestine?
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90%
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With chemical digestion of carbohydrates and lipids, _____ begin digestion in the _____?
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– Both
– Mouth |
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With chemical digestion of carbohydrates and lipids what acts on starches?
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Salivary Amylase
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With chemical digestion of carbohydrates and lipids what are the disaccharides?
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– Maltase
– Lactase – Sucrase |
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Maltase?
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Maltose to Glucose & Glucose
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Lactase?
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Lactose to Glucose & Galactose
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Sucrase?
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Sucrose to Sucrose to Glucose & Fructose
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With chemical digestion of carbohydrates and lipids, what acts on lipids?
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Lingual Lipase
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Chemical digestion of proteins, digestion begins in the _____?
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Stomach
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With chemical digestion of proteins, what are the 2 types of enzymes?
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– Stomach Enzymes
– Pancreatic Enzymes |
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With chemical digestion of proteins, what type of enzyme is pepsin?
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Stomach Enzymes
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With chemical digestion of proteins, what type of enzyme is trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase?
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Pancreatic Enzymes
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With absorption in the small intestine, all nutrients are absorbed by _____., _____ diffusion, or _____ transport?
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– Diffusion
– Facilitated – Active |
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With absorption in the small intestine, carbohydrates turn into _____, and move into _____then to _____?
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– Monosaccharides
– Blood – Liver |
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With absorption in the small intestine, proteins turn into _____ acids and move into _____ then to _____?
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– Amino
– Blood – Liver |
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With absorption in the small intestine, lipids have 2 chains?
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– Short Chain
– Long Chain |
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With absorption in the small intestine, what chain is where fatty acids move into blood?
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Short Chain
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With absorption in the small intestine, what chain is where fatty acids moves into lacteals (lymphatic vessels) as chylomicrons?
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Long Chain
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With absorption in the small intestine, the long chain is where fatty acids moves into lacteals (lymphatic vessels) as?
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Chylomicrons
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The large intestine has 4 regions?
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– Cecum Colon
– Sigmoid – Rectum – Anal Canal |
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The presence of food in stomach triggers bowel movement is called?
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Mass Peristalsis
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With control and phases of digestion, what systems control digestion?
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– Nervous
– Endocrine |
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What are the 3 phases of digestion?
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– Cephalic
– Gastric – Intestinal |