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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Structure of Skeletal muscle |
Muscle, Fascicle, muscle cell, myofibrils, myofilaments |
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Explain sliding filament theory |
When a muscle contracts myosin slides over actin on the zline of the sarcolemma |
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Describe the Neural control of contraction |
Brain sends messages through neurons to muscles and muscle fibres and the react and contract |
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Whats physical activity? |
Physical activity: movement of skeletal muscles that expends energy,
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What is excersize? |
Exercise:Planned, structured activity to maintain physical fitness,
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What is fitness? |
ability for the body to respond and adjust to physical activity
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What is absolute strength? |
The amount of force a muscle can generate in a single contraction |
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What is relative strength? |
Maximal stregth/ body mass |
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How can we increase muscular strength? |
By increasing the contractile proteins in our myofibrils, by stressing a muscle more then the habitual level |
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Isometric, what is it? |
when muscle force equals the load, muscles will not change in length. ex. wall sit |
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What is concentric? |
When a muscle force exceeds the load, muscles will shorten. EX. Bicep Curl |
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What is Eccentric? |
When a muscle force is less then the load, the muscle will lengthen Ex. Letting your bicep down |
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Which of the 3 mechanical states has the greatest force production? |
Eccentric |
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What is Plyometric training? |
when muscles exert maximum force in short intervals of time, with the goal of increasing power (speed-strength).
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What is the relationship between strength and power? |
Strength is the max force a muscle can generate without a time limit. Power: speed or explosive strength |
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What's the difference between Strength and Muscular endurance? |
Strength:high weight, low reps Muscular endurance: low weight, high reps |
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What are the different types of ROM |
static and dynamic then passive and active |
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Describe static and dynamic |
Static: non-mouvement Dynamic : moving |
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Describe passive and active |
Passive: Still splits Active: splits w/o the help of gravity |
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What are the 3 different types of stretching? |
Static, dynamic and PNF(Proprioceptive Neuromuscular facilitation) |
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What is PNF stretching? |
Often a 2 person technique , involves contracting the stretched muscle |
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What are muscle contractions driven by? |
Neural impulses |
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What are the structures in the central nervous system? |
Brain and spinal cord |
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What are sensory neurons made of and what do they do? |
Afferent nerve fibres -Signal travels toward the brain |
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What are motor neurons and what do they do? |
-Efferent nerver fibers -signal travels away from the brain |
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WHat does a human need to produce ATP? |
Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins |
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What are the 3 energy systems? |
The phosphocreatine (PC) (doesn't require oxygen) the anerobic glycolytic system (doesn't require oxygen) the areobic oxidative system |
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Describe the phosephocreatine energy system |
Primary source of energy: Stored atp Duration: 7-12 seconds Sporting events:High jump, weight lifting, sprinting Advantages: Produces large amount of energy in a short time |
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Describe anaerobic glycolysis system |
Primary energy source:Stored glycogen, blood glucose Duration: 12s-3mins Sporting events: 800m, 1500m speed skating Advantages:Ability to produce energy under conditions of inadequate oxygen Limiting factors: Lactic acid build up |
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Describe aerobic oxidative system |
Priamry energy source: glycogen, glucose, fats and proteins Duration: 3mins Sporting events: walking jogging Advantages: Large outout of energy for a long time and removal of lactic acid Limiting factors: Lung function, max blood flow, excess energy demands |
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Describe the Pathway of blood flow in the heart |
Inferior vena cava> Right Atrium> R.Atrioventricular valve> Right ventricle> Pulmonary semilunar Valve>Pulmonary arteries>Lungs> Pulmonary veins> Left atrium>L.atrioventricular valve> Left ventricle> Aortic semilunar valve> Aorta> ARTERIES^Capillaries^ Veins ^ |
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What are the 4 Roles of the Cardiovascular system |
Transport Oxygen from lungs to tissues Transport CO2 from tissues to lungs Transport nutrients to different areas of the body transport waste products from site of production to sites of excretion |
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What is the beating of the heart governed by? |
The sinus node |
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Heart rate is ... |
Invoulentary |
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The average heart rate is ... |
60-85 BPM |
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Describe Diastole and Systole |
Diastole - relaxation Systole- Contraction |
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How do you calculate max Heart rate? |
220- your age |
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Describe the Arterial system. |
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, then they branch off into arterioles then branch into smaller capillaries |
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What do veins do? |
They work against gravity and pump blood back to the heart |
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What is Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction? |
Vasodialation: Vessels get bigger Vasoconstriction: Vessels get smaller |
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Describe Fast twitch fibers |
They are type 2 fibers that contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
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Describe slow twitch fibers |
Type 1 fibers that contract slowly and fatigue slowly |
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What structure goes form Z-line to z-line |
Sarcomere |
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Cerebral Cortex is used for |
thinking |
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Cerebellum is used for |
Coordination |
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What are the krebs and cori cycle |
Krebs produces in mitochondria cori produces pyruvic acid from lactic acid in the liver |
