Kin Exam

Front 1

Planes, Axis, and Motions

Back 1

Plane-Axis
Sagittal plane-Coronal axis
Coronal-Sagittal
Transverse-Longitudinal
Motions:
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation,Horizontal Ab&Adduction, Internal & External Rotation, Radial & Ulnar Deviation, Pro/Supination, Plantar & DorsiFlexion, In/Eversion, Circumduction, Pro/Retraction
Direction: Ant/Posterior, Sup/Inferior, Proximal/Distal, Medial/lateral, Up/Downward

Front 2

Scapula-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 2

Type-Gliding, True Joint (Functional)
Motion- Elevation/Depression, Ab/Adduction (Protraction/Retraction), Up/Downward Rotation

Front 3

Shoulder-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 3

Type/Degree- Triaxial, Ball & Socket
Motions-Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A-Coronal, Ab/Adduction P-Coronal A-Sagittal, Internal/External Rotation & Horizontal Ab/Adduction P-Transverse A-Longitudinal
Circumduction

Front 4

Elbow-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 4

Type-Uniaxial, Hinge
Motion,Plane,Axis- Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A-Coronal

Front 5

Forearm-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 5

Type-Uniaxial, Pivot
Motion-Pronation/Supination P-Transverse A-Longitudinal

Front 6

Wrist-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 6

Type-Biaxial, Condyloid
Motions- Radial/Ulnar Deviation P-Coronal A-Sagittal
Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A-Coronal
Circumduction

Front 7

Finger MCP-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 7

Type-Biaxial, Condyloid
Motions- Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A- Coronal
Ab/Adduction P-Coronal A-Sagittal
Circumduction

Front 8

Finger PIP-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 8

Type-Uniaxial,Hinge
Motion- Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A-Coronal

Front 9

Finger DIP-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 9

Type-Uniaxial, Hinge
Motion- Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A-Coronal

Front 10

Thumb CMC-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 10

Type-Biaxial, Saddle
Motion- Radial Ab/Adduction P-Coronal A-Sagittal
Oppostion P&A-A Bunch
Palmer Ab/Adduction P-Sagittal A-Coronal
Circumduction

Front 11

Thumb MCP-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 11

Type-Uniaxial, Hinge
Motion- Flexion/Extension P-Coronal A-Sagittal

Front 12

Thumb IP-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 12

Type-Uniaxial, Hinge
Motion- Flexion/Extension P-Coronal A-Sagittal

Front 13

Hip-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 13

Type-Triaxial, Ball & Socket
Motion- Ab/Adduction P-Coronal A-Sagittal
Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A-Coronal
In/External Rotation P-Transverse A-Longitudinal
Circumduction

Front 14

Knee-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 14

Type-Uniaxial, Hinge
Motion- Flexion/Extension P-Sagittal A-Coronal

Front 15

Ankle-Joint
Type/Degree of Freedom, Motions, Plane, & Axis

Back 15

Type-Uniaxial, Hinge
Motion- Plantar/DorsiFlexion P-Sagittal A-Coronal

Front 16

Joint Congruency

Back 16

Loose packed- Ligaments are lax, Minimal congruency between articulating surfaces of bone, Less likely to be injured, Allows for joint mobilization
Closed packed- Joints have Max contact, Joint tightly compressed, Joint difficult to distract or separate, More likely to injure

Front 17

Accessory motions

Back 17

Roll, Glide, Spin
Convex-Concave Rule- A concave surface will moved on a fixed convex surface in the same direction as the body segment is moving; A convex surface willl move in the opposite direction of the body segment's movement

Front 18

Osteokinematics

Back 18

Movement of bone around a joint axis, it's what we see

Front 19

Arthrokinematics

Back 19

Movement at the joint surface btw the articulating surfaces, we do not see this movement but must be present for individual to have full movement at that joint

Front 20

Muscle Characteristics
Irritability

Back 20

ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
(Stimulate it and it will respond-Irritability)

Front 21

Muscle Characteristics
Contractility

Back 21

ability to shorten, produce tension
(stimulate it and it will shorten-contractility)

Front 22

Muscle Characteristics
Extensibility

Back 22

ability to be stretched beyond normal resting length
(stretch a muscle and it will lengthen-extensibility)

Front 23

Muscle Characteristics
Elasticity

Back 23

ability to return to normal length; elongate/lengthen
(remove the stretch/stimulus and it will return to normal resting position-elasicity)

Front 24

Active Insufficiency

Back 24

when a muscle reaches the point where it cannot shorten any further, it occurs to the muscle contracting, multi joint mm cannot produce full range of motion at all of the joints they cross simultaneously
(ONLY in multi joint mm)

Front 25

Passive Insufficiency

Back 25

When a mm CANNOT be elongated ANY further without damage to its fibers, it occurs to the mm producing the motions opposite of the mm contracting

Front 26

Isometric

Back 26

contractile mechanisms are activated but no change in mm length, static or holding contraction, no joint movement, relationship of O & I remains, can occur in ANY plane
Ex: sucking in stomach

Front 27

Concentric

Back 27

A shortening mm contraction, O & I move closer together, occurs against gravity OR gravity eliminated plane, is an acceleration activity; resistance constant; velocity varies
Ex: elbow flex/extension on horizontal plane

Front 28

Eccentric

Back 28

A lengthening contraction; acts as a brake, O & I move farther apart, external force (gravity, weight) causes the motion; motion occurs ONLY when gravity is a factor, CANNOT occur in GE plane
Ex: letting the arm down slowly so your muscles are still working

Front 29

Agonist (prime mover)

Back 29

produces the movement, is primarily responsible for the motion of the body part, contracts actively

Front 30

Agonist (assisting mover)

Back 30

contributes to the motion, assisting or prime depends on: size, angle of pull, leverage, contractile potential; A muscle that assists but is not as effective may be called assisting mover

Front 31

Antagonist

Back 31

the muscle that has the OPPOSITE anatomic action of the agonist, usually antagonist muscle is relaxed while agonist is working, antagonist MUST be able to be lengthened to allow agonist to shorten

Front 32

Agonist or Antagonist

Back 32

Whether a muscle is an agonist, antagonist, etc is not absolute,
it varies with the position of the body, the resistance and the actions being performed

Front 33

Stabilizer (fixator)

Back 33

muscle group provides support, makes firm; provides a foundation for agonist, allows agonist to work more efficiently, PROXIMAL to agonist, determined once you know the agonist

Front 34

Neutralizer

Back 34

a contraction to Rule Out Unwanted Motion, remember a muscle wants to produce all of its actions at all of the joints it crosses, neutralizes the unwanted action (*Ex: biceps-flexes&supinates so pronator teres could be neutralizer)
again determined by the motion desired and the agonist

Front 35

Angle of pull

Back 35

O&I and relationship of muscle to joint (where it crosses the joint) will tell you what its action is going to be
Ex: Ant-Flexion
Wrapped-Rotation
Posterior-Extension etc

Front 36

Reversal of Action

Back 36

Mm move origin toward the insertion
Ex: chin up

Front 37

End Feel- Soft

Back 37

Normal- Soft tissue approximation (Ex: Elbow flexion)
Abnormal- Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than usual OR in a joint that normally has a firm or hard end feel; feels boggy (Ex: edema, synovitis)

Front 38

End Feel-Hard

Back 38

Normal-Bone contacting the other bone at the joint (Ex: Elbow extension)
Abnormal- Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than usual OR in a joint that normally has a firm or soft end feel; bony grating or bony block is felt (Ex: Bony growth or spur, osteoarthritis)

Front 39

End Feel- Firm

Back 39

Normal- Muscular, Capsular, or ligamentous stretch (Ex: Hip flexion with knee extension, finger MCP extension, forearm supination, etc)
Abnormal- Occurs sooner/later than normal in the ROM OR in a joint that normally is hard/soft (Ex: increased mm tone, shortening of mm, ligaments, or fascia)

Front 40

End Feel-Empty

Back 40

ALWAYS ABNORMAL- No real end feel but pain prevents reaching end of the ROM; no resistance but patient in pain
(Ex: Acute joint inflammation, Fracture, Bursitis, Abscess)

Front 41

Tenodesis

Back 41

Considered the functional use of passive insufficiency

Front 42

Kinematic Chains- Closed

Back 42

Distal segment of extremity is fixed, movement at one joint will cause movements at all other joints in the extremity

Front 43

Kinematic Chains- Open

Back 43

Distal segment is not fixed, it is free to move, does not cause motion at other joints in the extremity

Front 44

Laws of Motion- Law of inertia

Back 44

an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion

Front 45

Laws of Motion- Law of acceleration

Back 45

the amount of acceleration depends on the strength of the force applied to the object; acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object. A force with more mass requires more force to move and will not accelerate as quickly

Front 46

Laws of Motion- Law of action-reaction

Back 46

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Front 47

1st class lever

Back 47

Axis btw Force & Resistance

Front 48

2nd class lever

Back 48

Resistance btw Force & Axis

Front 49

3rd class

Back 49

Force btw Resistance & Axis

Front 50

Mechanical Advantage

Back 50

The ratio btw the force arm and the resistance arm
MA= FA/RA

Front 51

Counter pressure?
3 ways

Back 51

Area, Angle, & Time

Front 52

Stability of body depends on?

Back 52

Height of center of gravity above bas of support, size of bas of support, location of the gravity line within the base of support

Front 53

Forces- Linear force

Back 53

2 or more forces acting along the same line, can increase the force; add together, can cancel out the force

Front 54

Forces- Parallel forces

Back 54

occur in the same plane and in the same or opposite directions

Front 55

Forces- Concurrent Forces

Back 55

2 or more forces act from a common point but pull in divergent directions

Front 56

Forces- Resultant Force

Back 56

The net effect of two concurrent forces, USE A PARALLELOGRAM to represent, the diagonal line is the resultant force
(the two forces may not be equal)

Front 57

Forces- Force couple

Back 57

when 2 forces act in equal but opposite direction resulting in a turning effect

Front 58

Pulleys, wheel & axle, Inclined plane

Back 58

Pulley- change direction (fixed), alter magnitude of force
Wheel & axle- wheel larger, less effort
Inclined plane-Longer less effort

Front 59

PROM tells what?

Back 59

Joint integrity

Front 60

AROM tells what?

Back 60

Joint strength