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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where does energy in the human body come from |
comes from breakdown of complex nutrients (carbs, fats, proteins)
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the breakdown of complex nutrients result in what |
production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
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what is bioenergetic conversion |
breakdown of nutrients ------>ATP |
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how many cal/gram for carbs? fats? protein? |
carbs= 4.1 cal/g proteins= 4.3 cal/g fats= 9.3 cal/g |
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what is the most abundant organic substance in nature? |
carbohydrates |
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how are carbs formed? |
through photosynthesis (co2 + h20 ---> O2 + carb) |
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in what form do humans usually eat carbs? |
glucose |
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how are carbs stored in the human body |
as glucose or glycogen in liver or skeletal muscle |
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what is metabolism? |
complex process, energy is supplied throughout body and are taken in by body for energy renewal |
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what is energy fuel for the brain,muscle, heart, liver? |
carbohydrates |
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steps of carbohydrate breakdown and storage |
1. complex carb.... through digestive system 2. becomes glucose.. goes through blood stream 3. circulation of glucose throughout body, glucose can be stored in blood 4. glucose turns to glycogen through process of gluconeogenesis 5. glycogen is stored in muscle and liver |
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where is ATP made |
mitochondria |
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steps of ATP breakdown |
1. hydrolysis of unstable phosphorus in ATP by water 2. phosphate molecule (P) is released... ATP becomes ADP (tri to di) 3.energy is released |
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steps of ATP resynthesis |
1. initial stores of ATP in muscle are used up and must be regenerated 2. ADP and P recombine to form ATP 3. energy that was released is now used to combine them |
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What is free energy |
Energy that can be used for muscle contraction and other processes (ATP) |
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What is free energy |
Energy that can be used for muscle contraction and other processes (ATP) |
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What two energy systems resynthesize ATP |
Anaerobic (in muscle fibre) and aerobic (in mitochondria) |
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Compare the two systems that resynthesize ATP |
Anaerobic- in cytoplasm, without oxygen, short lived, powerful, Aerobic- in mitochondria, long duration of energy, with oxygen |
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Compare the two systems that resynthesize ATP |
Anaerobic- in cytoplasm, without oxygen, short lived, powerful, Aerobic- in mitochondria, long duration of energy, with oxygen |
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Which system partially breaks down glucose |
Glycolysis |
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Which system resynthesizes ATP most efficiently |
ATP-PC |
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What are examples of sports using ATP-PC |
100 m dash, long jump |
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What are examples of sports using ATP-PC |
100 m dash, long jump |
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What is a by product of glycolysis |
Pyruvate |
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What are the three sub cycles within cellular respiration |
Glycolysis , Krebs cycle, electron transport chain |
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Beta oxidation |
Turns fatty acids into acetyl-CoA which is then used in kreb cycle |
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Beta oxidation |
Turns fatty acids into acetyl-CoA which is then used in kreb cycle |
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What happens to pyruvate of the activity stops |
It turns back into glucose through cori cycle |
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What is myoglobin |
A protein, every storage unit that delivers oxygen to working muscles |
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What is myoglobin |
A protein, every storage unit that delivers oxygen to working muscles |
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Which type of muscle fibre has high levels of myoglobin |
Slow twitch |
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What is myoglobin |
A protein, every storage unit that delivers oxygen to working muscles |
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Which type of muscle fibre has high levels of myoglobin |
Slow twitch |
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Which type of muscle fibre can be converted to type 2A and how |
2b becomes 2a through endurance training |
