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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where do renal arteries and veins enter the kidney?
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at the hilus
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What else enter at the hilus?
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Blood vessels & ureter enter and exit hilus
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What is the purpose of the renal capsule?
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transparent membrane, maintains shape
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What is the adipose capsule?
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helps protect kidney from trauma
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what is the renal fascia?
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dense, irregular connective tissue that holds kidney against back body wall to reduce jarring
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kidneys receive 25% of resting cardiac output from where?
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renal arteries
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Which capillaries promote where filtration occurs?
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glomerular caps
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which capillaries carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate?
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peritubular capillaries
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What supplies nutrients to the medulla?
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vasa recta
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Which capillaries carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate?
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peritubular capillaries
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What capillary carries nutrients to the medula?
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vasa recta
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What regulates blood flow & renal resistance by altering arterioles?
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Sympathetic vasomotor nerves
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What regulates blood flow & renal resistance by altering arterioles?
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Sympathetic vasomotor nerves
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What capillaries are formed between the afferent & efferent arterioles?
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Glomerular capillaries
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What gives rise to the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta?
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Efferent arterioles
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What maintains the shape of kidneys?
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reticular tissue
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What comes out of the interlobar arteries?
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afferent arterioles
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what gives rise to peritubular capillaries and vasa recta?
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efferent arterioles
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Whats bigger? Afferent or efferent arterioles?
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afferent
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What is the site of plasma filtration?
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Renal corpuscle
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What are partitions of the renal corpuscle? what are their functions?
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glomerulus (capillaries where filtration occurs
glomerular (Bowmans) capsule is double-walled epithelial cup that collects filtrate |
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Where do collecting ducts and papillary ducts drain urine to?
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renal pelvis and ureter
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What is 80-85% of nephrons?
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cortical nephrons
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Where do renal corpuscles lie?
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in outer cortex
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Where do loops of Henle lie?
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mainly in the cortex
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15-20% of nephrons are what?
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juxtamedullary nephrons
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What allows the excretion of dilute/concentrated urine?
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Corpuscles close to medulla and loops of Henle extend into deepest medulla
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What cells of the renal corpuscle cover capillaries to form visceral layer?
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podocytes
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What cells of the renal corpuscle form parietal layer of capsule?
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simple squamous
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How do glomerular capillaries arise?
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from afferent arteriole & form a ball before emptying into efferent arteriole
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What is the structure in which afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of loop of Henle
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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
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How do you increase the number of nephrons?
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increasing kidney size
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Can nephrons be replaced if injured?
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nope
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How much must nephrons decline before dysfunction becomes evident?
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25%
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What happens when you remove a kidney?
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it enlarges until it can filter at 80% of normal rate of 2 kidneys
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What are the three functions of Nephrons and collecting ducts?
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glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption tubular secretion |
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This process has a portion of the blood plasma filtered into the kidney
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glomerular filtration
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In this process H2O & useful substances are reabsorbed into blood
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tubular reabsorption
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In this process wastes are removed from blood & secreted into urine
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tubular secretion
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In this type of filtration, the filtration fraction is 20% of plasma
48 Gallons/day and filtrate reabsorbed to 1-2 qt. urine; blood pressure produces this filtrate |
glomerular filtration
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Why is glomerular capillary BP is high ?
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due to small size of efferent arteriole
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What are the important functions of filtration membrane?
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#1 Stops all cells and platelets
#2 Stops large plasma proteins #3 Stops medium-sized proteins, not small ones |
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What maintains blood osmolarity?
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albumins
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What maintains blood osmolarity?
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albumins
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total pressure that promotes filtration
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NFP
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NFP
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GBHP - (CHP + BCOP) = 10mm Hg
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What is noted of ureters?
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Retroperitoneal
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Where is the urinary bladder located?
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it is posterior to the pubic symphysis
it is anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus in females it is anterior to the rectum in males |
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How many mL can the urinary bladder hold?
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700-800 mL
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What is a trigone?
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a smooth flat area bordered by 2 ureteral openings and one urethral opening
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What does micturition mean?
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urination
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When do stretch receptors signal spinal cord and brain?
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when volume exceeds 200-400 mL
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Where does the urethra pass in the female?
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only the urogenital diaphragm
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Where does the urethra in males pass?
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prostate gland, urogenital diaphragm & penis (length varies; prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra
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