Key Terms

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Charles I

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The King of England in 1625, and disapproved of the idea of the Puritans going to the Americas. He cancelled the charter and jailed some Puritans.

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Massachusetts Bay colony

Back 2

The colony is which the Puritans settled in. Very successful colony, and began in the 1630s.

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John Winthrop

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First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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Great Migration

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When a lot of people came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony from England.

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Boston

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Massachusetts Bay Colony’s largest town.

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Thomas Hooker

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founded Connecticut, he left the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he though that the governor and the officials had gotten to powerful

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Hartford

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The town that Thomas Hooker settled in, in Connecticut

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Roger Williams

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founded Rhode Island, he also challenged the leaders of Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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Ann Hutchinson

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A puritan who questioned many of the minister’s teaching. She got trialed and left Massachusetts Bay Colony to go settle in Rhode Island.

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Metacom

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also known as his English name King Phillip

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King Philip

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the chief of the Wampanoag Indians. Sent his tribes to attack the new English settlers. He was soon, captured and killed

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The common

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an open field where cattle grazed.

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The meetinghouse

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this is where Puritans worshiped and held town meetings

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Puritans

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a group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusetts Bay colony

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General Court

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elected representative assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

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a 1639 plan of government in the Puritan colony in Connecticut

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Religious Tolerance

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willingness to let others practice their religion

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Sabbath

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Holy day of rest

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Town meeting

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meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues

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Patroon

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owners of huge estates

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Proprietary Colony

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English colony in which the king gave land to proprietors in exchange for a yearly payment

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Royal Colony

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Colony under the direct control of the English crown

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Quakers

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Protestant reformers who believe in the equality

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Pennsylvania Dutch

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German-speaking Protestants who settled in Pennsylvania

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Cash Crop

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crop sold for money at market

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William Penn

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Founded the Colony of Pennsylviana

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Peter Stuyvesant

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governor of New Netherland made heavy taxes and harsh law made him un-liked

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The Duke of York

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Brother of King Charles I received New Netherland from him

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The “holy experiment”

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model of religious freedom

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Philadelphia

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The capital city Pennsylvania

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The Great Wagon Road

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German and Scotch-Irish settlers followed an old Iroquois trail (the Great Wagon Road) in the 1700’s

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Mason-Dixon Line

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boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland that divided the middle Colonies from the southern Colonies

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Act of Toleration

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a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

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Bacon’s Rebellion

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a 1676 raid led by Nathaniel Bacon against the governor and Native Americans in Virginia

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Indigo

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plant used to make a valuable blue dye

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Debtor

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person who cannot pay money he or she owes

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Slave code

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laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights

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Racism

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belief that one race is superior to another

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Sir George Calvert

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persuaded King Charles I to grant him a land grant for a colony in the Americas (he is Roman Catholic)

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Lord Baltimore

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proprietor of Chesapeake Bay Colony

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Chesapeake Bay

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across from England’s first Southern Colony Virginia

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St. Mary’s

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a town of the Chesapeake Bay Colony built in a drier location

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Margaret and Mary Brent

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sisters who came over to Maryland and were granted 1000 acres each

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Nathaniel Bacon

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young planter organized angry men and women and raided Native American villages and also led them to Jamestown and burned the capital

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Charles Town

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largest town in the Carolinas

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James Oglethorpe

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respected English soldier founded Georgia in 1732

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Savannah

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where a settlement was founded

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The Tidewater

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gentle slopes and rivers offered rich farmland for plantations

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The Backcountry

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rolling hills and thick forest covered land

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The Middle Passage

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passage slave ships went across on the Atlantic ocean

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Mercantilism

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theory that a nation’s economic strength came from keeping a strict control over its colonial trade

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Export

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trade product sent to markets outside a country

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Import

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trade product brought into a country

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Navigation Acts

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series of English laws in the 1650’s that regulated trade between England and its colonies

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Yankee

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nickname for New England merchants who dominated colonial trade

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Triangular trade

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colonial trade route between New England, the West Indies, and Africa

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Legislature

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group of people who have the power to make laws

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Glorious Revolution

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in 1688 movement that brought William and Mary to the Throne of England and strengthened the rights of English citizens

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bill of rights

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written list of freedoms the government promises to protect

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English Bill of Rights

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a 1689 document that guaranteed the rights of English citizens

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Gentry

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highest social class in the 13 English Colonies

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Middle Class

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in the 13 English Colonies, a class that included skilled craft workers, farmers, and some trades-people

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Indentured Servant

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a person who agreed to work without pay wages for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies

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Gullah

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combination of English and West African languages spoken by African Americans in the South Carolina Colony

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Great Awakening

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religious movement in the English colonies in the early 1700

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Public School

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school supported by taxes

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Tutor

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private teacher

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Apprentice

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person who learns a trade or craft from a master

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Dame School

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school run by a woman, usually in her own home

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Enlightenment

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movement I Europe in the 1600’s and the 1700’s that emphasized the use of reason

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Libel

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act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation

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Negro Election Day

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when the African enslaved and free marched and vote for the leader of their community

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Jonathan Edwards

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a preacher who helped set off the Great Awakening

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George Whitefield

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a minister, he arrived in the colonies in 1739 helped to spread the great awakening

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John Locke

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English philosopher wrote works that were widely read in the Colonies

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Benjamin Franklin

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best example of the Enlightenment spirit in the 13 English colonies

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Poor Richards Almanack

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built by Benjamin Franklin and was his most successful publication

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John Peter Zenger

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published the weekly journal in New York City after he was arrested because his stories criticized the governor