Chapter 4 Key Terms

Front 1

Gentry

Back 1

wealthy planters, merchants, and other successful people in the colonies, the top of the social classes

Front 2

indentured servants

Back 2

signed contracts to work without wages for a period of 4 to 7 years

Front 3

jonathan Edwards

Back 3

new england minister that helped start the great awakening

Front 4

great awakening

Back 4

religous movement in the English colonies in the early 1700's

Front 5

apprentice

Back 5

person who learns a trade or craft from a master

Front 6

enlightenment

Back 6

movement in Europe in the 1600's and 1700's that emphasized the use of reason

Front 7

george Witefield

Back 7

english minister who helped spread that great awakening in America

Front 8

Benjamin Franklin

Back 8

American thinker, inventor, and statesman who was an example of the Enlightenment spirit

Front 9

John Peter Zenger

Back 9

was a newspaper publisher who trial for libel strengthened the idea of freedom of the press

Front 10

libel

Back 10

act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person reputation

Front 11

middle class

Back 11

in the 13 colonies, a class that included skilled craft workers, farmers, and some trades people

Front 12

gullah

Back 12

combination of English and West african languages spoken by the African americans in the South Carolina colony

Front 13

dame school

Back 13

school that is run by woman in their homes

Front 14

William Penn

Back 14

founded pennsylvania colony in 1681

Front 15

Peter stuyvestant

Back 15

govenor of New Netherlands and swore to defend city

Front 16

sabbath

Back 16

Puritans took their holy day of rest seriously

Front 17

Puritans

Back 17

a religious group that led the migration to Massachusetts Bay during the 1630s

Front 18

Charles I

Back 18

he became king of England in 1625, disapproved of the Puritan ideas, canceled Puritan business charters, and put a few in jail

Front 19

King philip

Back 19

chief of local wampanoags indians, waged a war against settlers in Massachusetts Bay Colony, destroying 12 towns and 600 settlers

Front 20

Roger Williams

Back 20

challenged leaders of Mass. BAy colony, and as a result was banned from colony, then he left the colony and built a new settlement

Front 21

Boston

Back 21

founded by John Winthrop in 1630

Front 22

General court

Back 22

an assembly in Mass. Bay colony, where Puritan members elected representives

Front 23

John Winthrop

Back 23

a lawyer and devout Puritan who became the first governor of Mass. Bay Colony

Front 24

Great migration

Back 24

over 15,000 people jouryned to mass. Bay colony form england from 1629 to 1640

Front 25

the common

Back 25

a place with an open field where settlers cattle could graze, one at enter of each village in Mass. bay colony

Front 26

james I

Back 26

king of england

Front 27

Hartford

Back 27

Where roger williams built a town along the banks of the Conneticut rver

Front 28

Fundamental orders of connecticut

Back 28

created a governement in Conn. which is different from Mass. Bay colony

Front 29

religious tolerance

Back 29

willingness to let others practice their own religion

Front 30

meeting house

Back 30

a building where public meeting are

Front 31

town meetings

Back 31

where settlers discussed and voted on many issues: What roads should be built?, How much a schoolmaster should be paid?

Front 32

pilgrims

Back 32

in the 1600s, english settlers who sought religious freedom in the Americas

Front 33

providence

Back 33

capital of Rhode island, Roger Williams built a new settlement and called it this, this was the beginning of the colony of Rhode island

Front 34

Thomas Hoocker

Back 34

founder of Hartford, Connecticut in 1636

Front 35

duke of york

Back 35

King Charles II of England gave New Netherlands to him and then he named it New york

Front 36

THe "holy experiment"

Back 36

What penn thought of his colony as, wanted it to be a model of religious freedom , peace, and christian living

Front 37

Philadelphia

Back 37

spreads through delaware river

Front 38

the great train wagon

Back 38

The Iroquois trail

Front 39

partroon

Back 39

owners of huge estates

Front 40

proprietary colony

Back 40

the gave land to one or more people in return for a yearly payement

Front 41

royal colony

Back 41

in 1702, new jersey became a royal colony , which is a colony under direct control of english crown

Front 42

quakers

Back 42

one of the most despised religious groups in England

Front 43

Pennsylvania Dutch

Back 43

German speaking Protestants , were named this because people could not pronounce the word deuysch

Front 44

cash crop

Back 44

crops that are sold for money at market

Front 45

Mason Dixon line

Back 45

formed boundaries between Pennsylvania and Maryland

Front 46

Sir george calvert

Back 46

planned to build a colony, naming it maryland, where catholics could practice their religion freely, when he died his son lord baltimore had to complete the project

Front 47

lord baltimore

Back 47

sir george calverts son, completed job for his dad when he died

Front 48

chesapeake bay

Back 48

in 1634, about 200 colonists landed along the upper shores, across from Virginia colony

Front 49

act of tolerance

Back 49

was a law passes by the maryland colonial government providing religious freedom to all christians

Front 50

nathaniel bacon

Back 50

angry over the Virginia govenors lack of action aginaist, Indian attacks on settlers led his followers to Jamestown and burned the capital

Front 51

indigo

Back 51

a cash crop plant used to make valuable blue dye

Front 52

james oglethrope

Back 52

in 1732 founded the colony of georgia as a place where debtors could make a fresh start

Front 53

debtors

Back 53

people who owed money but could not pay it off, James oglethrope made a colony where they could go

Front 54

back country farms

Back 54

southern planters build bery large farms, and employed from 20-200 slaves on this land close to the ocean shores

Front 55

middle passage

Back 55

referred to the route taken by slave ships traveling west across that atlantic ocean

Front 56

slave codes

Back 56

where laws were passes in the southern colonies which denied slaves their basic rights

Front 57

racism

Back 57

the belief that one race is more superior than the other

Front 58

bacons rebellion

Back 58

a 1676 raid led by nathaniel bacon against the governor and native americans in Virginia

Front 59

savannh river

Back 59

river that flows along the border of Georgia and south Carolina

Front 60

triangluar trade

Back 60

colonial trade route between New England, the west indies, and africa

Front 61

tidewater plantations

Back 61

20 to 100 slaves worked on the fields, some where skilled workers, some craftsmen

Front 62

proclamation of 1763

Back 62

law forbidding english colonist to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Front 63

proprietors

Back 63

owners of buisnesses

Front 64

navigation acts

Back 64

series of ENglish laws in the 1650s that regulated trade between England and its colonies

Front 65

indentured servants

Back 65

person who agreed to work without wages for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies

Front 66

charles town

Back 66

?

Front 67

quaker rebellion

Back 67

?

Front 68

holy commonwealth

Back 68

?

Front 69

econmiendas

Back 69

land granted to spanish settlers that included the rights or demand labor or taxes for native americans

Front 70

benjamin franklin

Back 70

is an inventor, scientist, his many inventions have helped us out so much in today world

Front 71

subsistence farming

Back 71

self- sufficiency farming in which farmers grow only enough food to feed their families

Front 72

john campbell

Back 72

?

Front 73

Anne hutchinson

Back 73

purian who questioned minister teaching

Front 74

metacom

Back 74

also known as king philip, was a chief of wampanoag indians

Front 75

export

Back 75

good sent to markets outside of country

Front 76

import

Back 76

goods that come to makets of country

Front 77

bill of rights

Back 77

written lists of freedoms that the government promises to protect

Front 78

legislature

Back 78

a group of people who had the power to make laws, every colony has one