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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hippocrates 4th Century BCE
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Ration and physical causes
The theory of the Four Humours The Hippocratic Oath - respect life and prevent harm The Hippocratic books - influenced medicine for centuries |
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Galen (160CE)
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The Theory of Opposites to balance the Four Humours
Books were used for thousands of years Good knowledge of anatomy - from dissections and wounded gladiators |
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Andreas Vesalius (1514-64)
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Published the Fabric of the Human Body (1543) based on dissections
Showed Galen was wrong saying the septum had holes |
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William Harvey
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An anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood in animals (1628)
Showed blood circulates repeatedly around the body pumped by the heart Showed Galen was incorrect saying the blood was made in the liver used in the body |
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Paul Ehrlich (1854-1917)
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Searched for cure of syphilis and combined Koch and Von Behring's work to search for a chemical magic bullet
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Sahachiro Hata (1873-1938)
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Found cure for syphilis - check Ehrlich's previous work and found that Salvarsan606 worked
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Gerhard Domagk (1895-1964)
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Produced Prontosil (the second magic bullet) by making a chemical compound called a sulphonamide
Led to many other sulphonamides which cured diseases like pneumonia |
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Alexander Flemming (1881-1955)
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In 1928, noticed that penicillin killed bacteria and published in 1929 but couldn't fund it
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Howard Florey and Ernst Chain (1940s)
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Proved effective of penicillin - 1940: tested on mice 1941: tested it in a patient
Persuaded the US government to fund research into mass production 1944: first mass production |
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Aneurin Bevan (1897-1960)
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Set up the NHS (1948) despite lots of oppositions but publicised his ideas an persuaded people to register as NHS patients
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Francis Crick (1916-2004) and James Watson (1928-now)
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Worked at Cambridge University and discovered the structure of DNA and published a model showing it's double helix structure (1953)
Watson led the Human Genome Project to map every single gene in the body |
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Maurice Wilkons (1916-2004) and Rosalind Franklin (1920-58)
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Photographed cells using X-ray crystallography
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John Hunter (1728-93)
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Improved medical training - showed dissection to students
Published research into pregnancy, arthritis and STDs |
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Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
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Found a vaccination for smallpox - infected them with cowpox
Published pamphlets and set up jennerian society (1802) to promote vaccination |
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Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890)
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After the cholera outbreak, campaigned for living conditions for the poor
Changed laissez faire attitude towards public health so the the General Board of Health was set up in 1848 |
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John Snow (1813-1858)
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Linked cholera deaths to bad water - removed Broad Street water pump and reduced deaths
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Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
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Showed link between cleanliness and patient recovery - led a team at Scutari hospital in the Crimean war (1854-6)
Death rate fell from 42% to 2% Helped to found the Nightingale School for Nurses (1860) and training school for midwives Published notes on nursing and 200 other books |
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Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917)
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Took on Society of Apothecaries to get registered as a doctor (1865)
Learned French got a medical degree at Paris University Set up a medical practise in London and London School of Medicine for Women (1874) 1876 - government passed an act so women could enter medical professions |
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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
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In 1861, he published germ theory since bacteria from the air turned beer sour
Showed surgeons, like Lister, that germs from the air infected wounds Found a way of producing new vaccines - accidentally produced a weak strain of chicken cholera which prevented the animals getting the disease |
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Robert Koch (1843-1910)
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Used Pasteur's germ theory to find specific germs like TB (1882) and cholera (1883)
Found that chemical dyes stained specific bacteria - made them easier to study |
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Emil Von Behring (1854-1917)
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Used Pasteur and Koch's work to identify diphtheria antibodies which killed of diphtheria only
Injected them into people and publicised importance of antibodies - a 'natural magic bullet' |
