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29 Cards in this Set
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political efficacy |
citizens' feelings of effectiveness in political affairs |
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regulating the electorate |
the process of setting rules that define who can vote and how difficult or easy it will be to cast a ballot in an election |
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Motor Voter Bill |
legislation allowing citizens to register to vote at the same time they apply for a driver's license or other sate benefit |
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voter mobilization |
a party's efforts to inform potential voters about issues and candidates and to persuade them to vote |
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social connectedness |
citizens' involvement in groups and their relationships to their communities and families |
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prospective voting |
basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote |
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retrospective voting |
basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance; approving the status quo or a desire for change |
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invisible primary |
early attempts to raise money, line up campaign consultants, generate media attention, and get commitments for support even before candidates announce they are running |
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exploratory committee |
formed to determine the viability of one's candidacy for office; activities may include polling, travel, and other communications relevant to the purpose |
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party caucus |
local gathering of party members to choose convention delegates |
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presidential primary |
an election by which voters choose convention delegates committed to voting for a certain candidate |
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open primary |
primary election in which eligible voters need not be registered party members |
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closed primary |
primary election in which only registered party members may vote |
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front-loading |
the process of scheduling presidential primaries early in the primary season |
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front-runner |
the leading candidate and expected winner of a nomination or an election |
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momentum |
the widely held public perception that a candidate is gaining electoral strength |
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swing voters |
the approximately one-third of the electorate who are undecided at the start of a campaign |
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oppo research |
investigation of an opponent's background for the purpose of exploiting weaknesses or undermining credibility |
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valence issues |
issues on which most voters and candidates share the same position |
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position issues |
issues on which the parties differ in their perspectives and proposed solutions |
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wedge issue |
a controversial issue that one party uses to split the voters in the other party |
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issue ownership |
the tendency of one party to be seen as more competent in a specific policy area |
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negative advertising |
campaign advertising that emphasizes the negative characteristics of opponents rather than one's own strengths |
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government matching funds |
money given by the federal government to qualified presidential candidates in the primary and general election campaigns |
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hard money |
campaign funds donated directly to candidates; amounts are limited by federal election laws |
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soft money |
unregulated campaign contributions by individuals, groups, or parties that promote general election activities but do not directly support individual candidates |
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issue advocacy ads |
advertisements paid for by soft money, and thus not regulated, that promote certain issue positions but do not endorse specific candidates |
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get-out-the-vote (GOTV) drives |
efforts by political parties, interest groups and the candidates staff to maximize voter turnout among supporters |
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electoral mandate |
the perception that an election victory signals broad support for the winner's proposed policies |
