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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bureaucracy |
an organization characterized by hierarchical structure, worker specialization, explicit rules, and advancement by merit |
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neutral competence |
the principle that bureaucracy should be depoliticized by making it more professional |
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spoils system |
nineteenth-century practice of firing government workers of a defeated party and replacing them with loyalists of the victorious party |
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patronage |
system in which a successful candidate rewards friends, contributors, and party loyalists for their support with jobs, contracts, and favors |
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civil service |
nonmilitary employee of the government who are appointed through the merit system |
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Pendleton Act |
1883 civil service reform that required the hiring and promoting of civil servants to be based on merit, not patronage |
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Hatch Act |
1939 law limiting the political involvement of civil servants to protect them from political pressure and keep politics out of the bureaucracy |
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accountability |
the principle that bureaucratic employees should be answerable for their performance to supervisors, all the way up the chain of command |
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red tape |
the complex procedures and regulations surrounding bureaucratic activity |
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clientele groups |
groups of citizens whose interests are affected by an agency or a department and who work to influence its policies |
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departments |
one of the major subdivisions of the federal government, represented in the president's cabinet |
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independent agencies |
government organizations independent of the department but with a narrower policy focus |
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independent regulatory boards and commissions |
government organizations that regulate various businesses, industries or economic sectors
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regulations |
limitations or restrictions on the activities of a business or an individual |
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government corporations |
companies created by Congress to provide to the public a good or service that private enterprise cannot or will not profitably provide |
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bureaucratic discretion |
bureaucrats' use of their own judgement in interpreting and carrying out the laws of Congress |
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Federal Register |
publication containing all federal regulations and notifications of regulatory agency hearings |
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bureaucratic culture |
the accepted values and procedures of an organization |
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bureaucratese |
the often unintelligible language used by bureaucrats to avoid controversy and lend weight to their words |
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whistleblowers |
individuals who publicize instances of fraud, corruption or other wrongdoing in the bureaucracy |
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agency capture |
process whereby regulatory agencies come to be protective of and influenced by the industries they were established to regulate |
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iron triangles |
the phenomenon of clientele group,congressional committee and bureaucratic agency cooperating to make mutually beneficial policy |
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issue networks |
complex systems of relationships among groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants and research institutes |
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congressional oversight |
efforts by Congress, especially through committees, to monitor agency rule making, enforcement and implementation of congressional policies |
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citizen advisory councils |
citizen groups that consider the policy decisions of an agency: a way to make the bureaucracy responsive to the general public |
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sunshine laws |
legislation opening the process of bureaucratic policy making to the public |
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Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) |
1966 law that allows citizens to obtain copies of most public records |
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Privacy Act of 1974 |
a law that gives citizens access to the government's files on them |
