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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the clinical features of DM type 1?
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Polyuria
Polydipsia Polyphagia Weight loss DKA -vomiting -ab pain -dehydration -Kussmaul respirations -Cerebral obtundation |
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What are the diagnostic lab findings of DKA?
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Glucose > 300 mg/dl
Ketonemia Acidosis (pH <7.3; Bicarbonate 15 mEq/L Glucosuria Ketonuria |
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What are the glucose levels needed to diagnose DM type 1?
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Random plasma glusose > 200 mg/dL
Fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL 2-h glucose tolerance > 200 mg/dL In all cases, hyperglycemia & glucosuria are necessary |
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A 2 mo old pt appears to be having inadequate weight gain. His mother states he is constipated. On examination, he has decreased muscle tone, large fontanel, a large tongue, & an umbilical hernia
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Congenital Hypothyroidism
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What do the majority of Congenital Hypothyroidism cases result from?
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Thyroid dysgenesis
2X more common in females |
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What are teh clinical signs of Congenital Hypothyroidism?
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1. prolonged jaundice
2. poor feeding 3. somnolence 4. large tongue 5. Constipation 6. Umbilical hernia 7. Skin cold & mottled 8. Growth & development are retarded 9. Fontanels stay widely open 10. Hair is coarse & brittle 11. generalized muscle hypotonia |
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What are the diagnostic tests for Congenital Hypothyroidism?
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1. Serum T4 levels are low
2. Elevated TSH levels Retardation of osseous development can be shown on radiograph Thyroid scans w/ Technetium or Radio-labeled iodine detect absence of or ectopic thyroid tissue |
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What is the therapy for Congenital Hypothyroidism?
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Thyroxine
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A 12-year-old girl has a 6 month history of hyperactivity & declining school performance. Appetite is increased but she shows no weight gain. Physical exam reveals a slight tremor of the fingers, mild exophthalmos, & a neck mass
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Hyperthyroidism = Graves dz
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What is the etiology of Neonatal Hyperthyroidism?
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infants born to mothers w/ Graves Dz
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What HLA's is Graves dz associated with?
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B8 & DR3
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What are the clinical manifestations of Graves Disease?
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Emotional disturbances
Motor hyperactivity Emotional lability Deterioration in school Tremors of the fingers Voracious appetite w/out gain Exophthalmos Sweating & Flushing Tachycardia & Palpitations |
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What are the serum levels seen in Graves Dz?
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T4, free T4, T3, & free T3 are elevated
TSH levels are low Thyroid receptor stimulating antibodies are often present |
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What is the treatment for Graves disease?
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Propylthiouracil or Methimazole
Propranolol is useful from reversing the symptoms in severely toxic pts |
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A 1 month old infant is seen w/ vomiting & severe dehydration. Exam reveals ambiguous genitalia; lab tests show hyponatremia
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
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What does CAH result from?
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Cortisol deficiency, which causes increased ACTH & subsequent hyperplasia
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What does 21-hydroxylase deficiency result in?
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1. Salt wasting
2. virilization & ambiguous genitalia in females 3. vomiting & hyponatremic dehydration NOn-salt wasting boys have Premature Sexual Development, whereas girls have pseudohermaphroditism |
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What does 11B-hydroxylase deficiency result in?
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Virilization & HTN, but does not cause salt wasting
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