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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The _____ and______ pump oxygen-poor blood to the ______
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right atrium, right ventricle, lungs
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Describe the pulmonary circuit
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Oxygen poor blood comes into the right atrium from the vena cava, gets pumped into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve and then out the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. It then oxygenated and returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins (4 of them)
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Describe the systemic circuit
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Oxygen rich blood is pumped into the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve and out through the aorta. The blood is then distributed to the body tissues and returns to the heart via the vena cava into the right atrium
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What are the three features of the histology of cardiac muscle?
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1.) Single nuclei
2.) Intercalated discs 3.) Cardiac myofibrils |
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What are the 2 kinds of gap junctions at the intercalated discs and what are their functions?
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1) Desmosomes: anchoring junctions that hold adjacent cells together
2) Gap junctions: allow action potentials to travel through cardiac cells |
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What does the intrinsic system mean
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Cardiac autorhythmic cells in the intrinsic conduction system generate action potentials that spread in waves to all the cardiac contractile cells. This action causes a coordinated heart contraction.
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Autorhythmic cells begin ______ due to a slow continuous influx of _______, and a reduced efflux of _______
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depolarizing, sodium, potassium
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Where are continuous capillaries highly regulated?
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In the thymus and nervous system
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typical cardiac cycle lasts...
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800 msec
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P wave signals
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atrial depolarization
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QRS complex signals
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atrial repolarization and ventricular
depolarization |
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T wave signals
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ventricular repolarization
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P-R interval is
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start of atrial depolarization to
start of ventricular depolarization. anything over 200 msec can mean damage to conducting pathways or AV node |
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Q-T interval is
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time for ventricles to undergo a single cycle
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What does the ectopic pacemaker cell responsible for
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Premature ventricular contractions
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WHich two cardiac arrhythmias indicate serious problems
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Ventricular tachycardia (4 or more PCVs) and Ventricular fibrillation (cardiac arrest)
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Vertebral artery gives rise to the
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basilar
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What are the branches of the internal carotid?
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middle cerebral
anterior cerebral ophthalmic **ID on picture |
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What is the circle of willis?
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basilar and internal carotid arteries surround the infindibulum to ensure blood supply to the brain
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The right border of the heart outlines which heart structure?
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Right atrium
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The left border of the heart outlines which heart structure?
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Left ventricle & some left atrium
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Inferior border of the heart outlines which heart structure?
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right ventricle
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Which structure collects blood from the myocardium and which chamber does it deliver to?
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Coronary sinus, right atrium
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During max contraction, blood flow to myocardium may increase by how much?
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9 times!!!!!!!
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Right coronary artery follows the _______ sulcus and delivers blood to which structures?
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Coronary, delivers to right atrium, both ventricles, and portions of the conducting system of the heart
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Left coronary artery lies right behind the _____ ______ and supplies blood to which structures?
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pulmonary trunk, delivers to left atrium and ventricle and the interventricular septum
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Branches off the left coronary artery?
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Circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery
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Branches off the right coronary artery?
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Posterior interventricular artery and marginal arteries
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The posterior cardiac vein drains area supplied by which artery
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circumflex
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Where does the coronary sinus dump its blood?
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right atrium
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ischemia is...
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lack of blood flow
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the number "2/3" is important for 2 reasons:
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2/3 blood in venous system
2/3 cardiac cycle spent in diastole |
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about how much fluid is left over from filtration? where does this go?
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about 3 L per day! it goes to the lymphatic system
It is a pressure driven system |
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In blood fluid is _____, in instersitiual space its called _______, and in the lymphatic system its called ______
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plasma, interstitual fluid, lymph
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what are the primary cells of the lymphatic system?
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lymphocytes
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what are the main lymphoid organs?
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tonsils, thymus, spleen MALT, appendix
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Where does the fight for an infection take place?
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lymph nodes, thats why when you are sick they get swollen
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What is MALT in lymphatic system?
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"mucosa associated lymphiod tissue" located in digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts
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Lymphatic system starts at ______ and ends at _______
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lymphatic capillaries, subclavian vein
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How are lymphatic capillaries diff than normal ones?
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Blunt ended and non connective...just collect fluid from interstitual space. no basal lamina. have endothelial one way valves
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Lymphatic vessels resemble veins or arteries more?
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veins!
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What drains lymph from large body regions?
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Trunks. Then lympatic ducts (right + toracic) return to subclavian veins
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