Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is a Chromatin?
|
a DNA molecule and attached proteins, are usually dispressed in the nucleus
|
|
|
what structures are neccessary for inheritance?
|
DNA
|
|
|
how are the instructions duplicated for distrubution into the daughter cells?
|
DNA replication
|
|
|
what are multi-celled organisms role in mitosis?
|
increase the body size during growth, replace dead and worn out cells, and repair damaged tissue
|
|
|
What are protistans, fungi, plants, and animals role in mitosis?
|
asexual reproduction
|
|
|
what is each part of the duplicated chromosome called?
|
sister chromatids
|
|
|
what is a centromere?
|
a region of attached for 2 sister chromatids in the centromere
|
|
|
what is the chromosome number?
|
sum total of chromosomes in a cell, somatic cells or body cells
|
|
|
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have and whats is the total number?
|
23, 46
|
|
|
gametes are also called?
|
sex cells
|
|
|
gametes have one of each what?
|
chromosome type
|
|
|
waht are th 5 phase of a cell cycle?
|
interphase, profase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
|
|
|
what happens in the G1 portion of the cell cycle?
|
cell growth before DNA replication, chromosomes unduplicate, cells build almost all of the proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids they use for exports
|
|
|
What happens in the S portion of the the cell cycle?
|
CNA synthesis when
DNA replication is completed chromosomes duplicated, and they copy their DNA, histones, and other proteins |
|
|
What happens in the g2 portion of the cell cycle?
|
cells prepare to divide, and the produce proteins that will drive mitosis to completion.
|
|
|
what happens in the molecular brake system?
|
cell cycle can stop at G1, it control mechanism governs the rate of cell division
|
|
|
What happens in interphase?
|
it usually is the longest part of the cycle, cells increase in mass, number of cytoplasmics compenents doubles, DNA is duplicated
|
|
|
what happens during mitosis?
|
its a period of nuclear division, usually followed by cytoplasmic division
|
|
|
once S begins, the cycl;e automatically runs through ___ and ____?
|
G2 and mitosis
|
|
|
the cell cycle has a built in moleculas brake in?
|
G1
|
|
|
some cells normallys stop in ____?
|
interphase
|
|
|
nuetrons in humans brains do not ________?
|
divide
|
|
|
what causes amoebas to get stuck in interphase?
|
when they are deprived of nutrients
|
|
|
The spindal apparatus consists of __ distinct sets of _____?
|
2, microtubes
|
|
|
two sets of distinct microtubes extend from one of the cells ____ amd the 2 sets overlap at the _______?
|
poles, spindal apparatus
|
|
|
The spindal apparatus helps move chromosomes during ______?
|
mitosis
|
|
|
during the transition to metapase what is formed?
|
spindal apparatud
|
|
|
during metaphase all the chromosomes are lined up at the ________?
|
spindal equator
|
|
|
what is the kinetochore?
|
attachment site of chromosomes, the microtubule attaches to it, and it creates a push-pull force to seperate sister chromaticaly
|
|
|
what happens in annaphase?
|
sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart
|
|
|
once sister chromatids are seperated in annaphase each chromatid is a _______?
|
chromosome
|
|
|
during telophase chromosomes __________?
|
decondense
|
|
|
during telophase 2 ___________ form, one around each _________?
|
nuclear membranes, unduplicated chromosomes
|
|
|
what are the results of mitosis?
|
2 daughter nuclei, each have the same chromosomes as the parent cell, and chromosomes are in the unduplicated form.
|
|
|
when does cytoplasmic division occer?
|
between late anaphase and end of telophase
|
|
|
what are the 2 mechanisms in cytoplasmic division?
|
cell plate formation --in plants and cleavage-----in animals
|
|
|
what is cytoplasmic division also known as?
|
cytokinesis
|
|
|
cell plates are only in _____?
|
plant cells
|
|
|
vessicles accumilate alond the _______?
|
spinal equator
|
|
|
in cell plates deposits of what accumulate?
|
celluse
|
|
|
what happens in cell plates
|
cytokinesis or cytoplasmic division
|
|
|
in animal cells cleavage furrow forms seperating the _________?
|
cytoplasm
|
|
|
prokaryotic fission occer in ______ cells only?
|
bacteria
|
|
|
in prokayotic fission bacteria cells pinch apart in a process called_________?
|
fission
|
|
|
Prokaryotic fission in the basis of ________?
|
asexual reproduction
|
|
|
Sexual reproduction involves what 3 things?
|
1. Meiosis
2. gametes production 3. fertilization |
|
|
during sexual reproduction chromosomes are duplicated in __________?
|
germ cells
|
|
|
during sexual reproduction cellular decendents of germ cells become?
|
gametes
|
|
|
during sexual reproduction gametes meet at ____________?
|
fertilization
|
|
|
Asexual reproduction means?
|
only a single parents produces offsping
|
|
|
as a reult of asexual reproduction generally all of the offspring are _______ to one another and the parent?
|
identical
|
|
|
what is Allele?
|
differnt molecules forms of a gene, that arise from mutation
|
|
|
Each ____ codes for differnt versions of the same trait
|
allele
|
|
|
when sexual reproduction shuffles the alleles the variation of traits is the basis for _________?
|
envoluntary change
|
|
|
gametes formation means?
|
sex cells arise from germ cells
|
|
|
meiosis is divided in to 2 constructive nuclear divisions called?
|
meiosis 1 and meiosis 2
|
|
|
how many haploid nuclei form in meiosis?
|
4
|
|
|
what is a test cross?
|
an individual that shows a dominate phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype
|
|
|
An experimental cross between individuals that are homozygous for diifernt versions of 2 traits is called?
|
Dihybrid cross
|
|
|
in complete dominance black + white = ?
|
Black
|
|
|
in incomplete dominacne Red + White = ?
|
pink
|
|
|
in codominace type A + type B = ?
|
AB
|
|
|
Alleles at a single locus may have multiple effects on 2 or more traits is called?
|
pleiotropy
|
|
|
epistasis is?
|
the interaction between 2 or more gene pairs
|
|
|
epistasis is common for ____ in mamals??
|
hair color
|
|
|
a more or less continuous range of small differnece in a given trait among individuals?
|
continuous variation
|
|
|
Variations in humans that traits occer as a few discrete types?
|
human variation
|
|
|
what is an example of human variation?
|
attached or detached ear lobes
|
