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31 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Oxidative phosphorylation 1. where in the cell specifically does it occur? 2. what are the inputs? 3. what are the outputs? |
1. inner mitochondrial membrane 2. oxygen, 2FADH,NADH2 3. H2O, ATP |
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How can ATP synthesis be uncoupled? |
Different H+ diffusion channel is inserted into the mitochondrial membrane |
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What is the consequence of uncoupling? |
Not much ATP is produced, energy lost as heat |
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In what or whom does uncoupling occur |
Uncoupling protein thermogenin occurs in infants and hibernating animals |
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The absence of oxygen (anaerobic)how is ATP produced? |
In glycolysis |
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Lactic acid fermentation: 1. Where does this occur in the cell in with which steps of respiration? 2. Which type of cells does this occur 3. What is the input? 4. What is the products? |
1. Cytosol; glycolysis 2. Micro organisms and muscle cells. 3. Glucose. 4. 2 ATP, lactic acids |
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Alcohol fermentation 1. Where does this occur in the cell and with which steps of respiration? 2. Which type of cell does this occur 3. What is the input? 4. What are the products? |
1. Lactic acid; glycolysis 2. Yeast and some plant cells. 3. Glucose. 4. Ethanol, CO2, 2 ATP. |
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What is the total ATP yield during fermentation?(anaerobic respiration) |
2 ATP |
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What is the total ATP yield during aerobic respiration? |
36 ATP |
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In order to enter cellular respiration: 1.polysaccharides are hydrolyzed to _________ 2. Lipids are hydrolyzed to ______ and ______ 3. Proteins are hydrolyzed to______ |
1. Glucose. 2. Glycerol & fatty acids 3. Amino acids |
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The main control point in glycolysis is __________ -allosterically inhibited by build up of ATP. |
Phosphofructokinase |
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The main control point in the citric acid cycle is_______ - inhibited by NADH+, H+ and ATP. |
Isocitrate dehydrogenase |
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Accumulation of citrate diverts _______ to fatty acid synthesis, for storage. |
Acetyl COA |
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The most common in Fuel in organisms is |
Glucose |
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Pyruvate oxidation 1. Where does this occur in the cell? 2. What is its general purpose? 3. What do we start with 4. What are the products? |
1. Mitochondrial matrix. 2. Connects or links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle 3. 2 pyruvate. 4. CO2, 2 NADH |
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Citric Acid Cycle 1. Where does this occur in the cell? 2. What do we start with? 3. What are the products? |
1. Mitochondrial matrix. 2. 2 acetyl COA. 3. CO2, FADH2, NADH, 2 ATP |
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Define Oxidative Phosphorylation |
ATP is synthesized by reoxidation of electron carriers in the presence of 02. Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane |
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Electron Transport Electrons from ______ pass through the respiratory chain of ____ which are than captured by _______ to form _______ . |
Electron carriers Membrane proteins O2 H2O |
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What is the final electron acceptor? |
Oxygen |
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What happens as electrons are passed down the respiratory chain |
Proteins are pushed through the membrane |
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What is the proton motive force? |
Accumulation of more hydrogen ions on one side than the other |
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Define chemiosmosis |
The protons create a proton motive force, which drives them back across the membrane through ATP synthase, creating ATP. |
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Equation for metabolism of glucose |
Glucose +oxygen—> CO2 + H20+ ATP |
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Reduction |
Gain of one or more electrons buy an atom, ion or molecule |
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Oxidation |
Loss of one or more electrons |
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_____ is a key electron carrier and redox reactions |
Coenzyme NAD+ |
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Oxidized form |
NAD+ |
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Reduced form |
NADH |
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Glycolysis 1. Where does this take place in the cell? 2. What do we start with? 3. What are the products? |
1. Cytosol 2. Glucose & 2 ATP 3. 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH |
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Define substrate level phosphorylation |
Enzyme catalyzed transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP |
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In which two steps of aerobic cellular respiration, does substrate level phosphorylation occur |
1. Glycolysis 2. Citric acid cycle |
