Joints Of The Thoracic Limb

Front 1

Scapulohumoral

Back 1

Humoral or shoulder joint.

The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the humoral head of the humerous at the scapulohumoral joint. This a sppheriodal (ball and socket) joint. In life, the margins of the glenoid cavity are enlarged by the presence of a cartilaginous labrum (glenoid lip), improving the stability of the joint. The joint capsule is capacoius in order to accomodate the broad range of motion of this joint. Stability of the shoulder joint is primarily achieved by the tendons of the mm. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis.

Front 2

Glenohumeral ligaments

(medial and lateral)

Back 2

Don't need to identify.

Poorly developed thickenigs of the fibrous part of the joint capsule on each side are called the medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments.

Front 3

Elbow

Back 3

Parts -
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radoiulnar

The elbow joint is a composite joint formed by the articulations beteen the condyle of the humerus, the head of the radius, and the proximal end of the ulna. Its movement is confined almost entirely to flexion-extension.

Front 4

Humeroulnar

Back 4

The humeroular joint is formed by the articulation of the troclea of the humerus and the troclear notch of the ulna.

Front 5

Humeroradial

Back 5

The humeroradial joint is formed by the articulation of the capitulum of the humerus and the fovea capitis of the radius.

Front 6

Proximal radioulnar

Back 6

A small amount of pronation-supination is afforded by the proximal radioular joint formed by the articular circumference of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.

Front 7

Collateral ligaments of the elbow

(medial and lateral)

Back 7

The lateral and medial collateral ligaments are pronounced thickening in the fibrous layer of the capsule.The biceps and brachialis tendons cover the distal portion of the medial collateral ligament.

Front 8

Interosseous ligament

Back 8

Don't need to identify.

Found in the dog only.

Interosseous ligament is a condensation of collagenous tissue that unites the radius and ulna proximally.

Front 9

Carpus

Back 9

Parts -
Antebrachiocarpal joints
Middle carpal joints
Carpmetacarpal joints

These are capable of some degree of sliding, the primary movement of the carpus in its entirety is flexion-extension, afforded almost entirely by the hinge action of the antibrachiocarpal and middle carpal joints.

Front 10

Antebraciocarpal joints

Back 10

Types -
Radiocarpal joint
Ulnar joint
Distal radioulnar

Front 11

Radiocarpal joint

Back 11

The radiocarpal joint is formed by the articulation of the medial styloid process of the radius and the radial bone of the carpus.

Front 12

Ulnar joint

Back 12

The ulnar joint is formed by the articulation of the lateral styloid process and the ulnar carpal bone of the carpus.

Front 13

Distal radioulnar

Back 13

The distal radioulnar joint, between the lateral side of the disatal radius and the ulna's styloid process, is capable only of very limited movement, providing instead the distal pivot point for antebrachial pronation-supination.

Front 14

Middle carpal joints

Back 14

Many articulations beteen the adjacent carpal bones are referred to as intercarpal joints.

Front 15

Carpometacarpal joints

Back 15

A transverse joint between the carpal bones and the base of the metacarpal bones.

Front 16

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Back 16

Joints between the head of the metacarpal and the proximal phalanges.

Front 17

Proximal interphalangeal joints

Back 17

Joints between the proximal phalanges and the middle phalanges.

Front 18

Distal interphalangeal joints

Back 18

Joints between the middle phalanges and the distal phalanges.