Extrinsic Muscles Of The Thoracic Limb And Related Structures

Front 1

Umbilicus

Back 1

ADD

Front 2

Common integument

Back 2

Skin - epidermis and dermis

Front 3

Mammae

Back 3

8-12, usually 10
Thoracic - 4
Abdominal - 4
Inguinal - 2

Front 4

Costal arch

Back 4

Formed by costal cartilages 10, 11, and 12

Front 5

13th rib

Back 5

"Floating" rib

Front 6

Cutaneous muscle

Back 6

Add

Front 7

Subcutaneous tissue

Back 7

Subcutis, hypodermis

Composed of areolar (loose connective) tissue and superficial fascia

Front 8

Deep fascia

Back 8

ADD

Front 9

Cutaneus trunci m.

Back 9

Origin - superficial gluteal fascia

Insertion - superficial fascia of the trunk and skin (medial brachial fascia and superficial thoracic fascia)

Innervation - lateral thoracic n.

Main action - moves the skin

Front 10

Preputial m.

Back 10

Dogs only.

Origin - xiphoid cartilage

Insertion - prepuce

Main action - draws the prepuce over the glans penis after erection (pulls the prepuce cranially)

Front 11

Superficial pectoral mm.

Back 11

Parts -
Descending
Transverse
Pectoantebrachialis m. (cat only)

Front 12

Superficial pectoral - descending m.

Back 12

Origin - first sternebra

Insertion - crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation - cranial pectoral nn.

Main actions - adduct limb when not bearing weight; prevent limb from being abducted when bearing weight

Front 13

Superficial pectoral - transverse m.

Back 13

Origin - first two or three sternebrae and fibrous raphe between adjacent muscles

Insertion - crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation - cranial pectoral nn.

Main actions - adduct limb when not bearing weight; prevent limb from being abducted when bearing weight

Front 14

Superficial pectoral - pectoantebrachialis m.

Back 14

cat

Front 15

Deep pectoral m.

(Ascending)

Back 15

Origin - ventral part of sternum and fibrous raphe between deep pectoral muscles; deep abdominal fascia in the region of hte xiphoid cartilage

Insertion - Main part inserts on lesser tubercle of humerous; also attaches by way of an aponeurosis to the greater terbercle and its crest; caudal part inserts on medial brachial fascia

Innervation - caudal pectoral nn.

Main actions - when limb is advanced and fixed, pulls trunk cranially and extends shoulder joint. WHen limb is not supporting weight, draws limb caudally and flexes shoulder joint. Also adducts limb.

Front 16

Xiphihumeralis m.

Back 16

cat

Front 17

Superficial fascia of the neck

Back 17

ADD

Front 18

Platysma m.

Back 18

Origin - arises from the mid-dorsal cervical raphe and skin

Insertion - the commissure (corner) of the lips

Action - draws the lips caudally

Front 19

Brachiocephalicus m.

Back 19

Parts -
Cleidocephalicus
Cleidomastoideus
Cleidocervicalis
Cleidobrachialis

Front 20

Brachiocephalicus - cleidocephalicus m.

Back 20

ADD

Front 21

Brachiocephalicus cleidocephalicus - cleidomastoideus m.

Back 21

Origin - clavicular insertion

Insertion - matoid part of temporal bone of skull

Innervation - accessory n. (CN XI) and ventral brs.of cervical spinal nn.

Action - advance limb; extend shoulder joint; draw neck and head to side

Front 22

Brachiocephalicus cleidocephalicus - cleidocervicalis m.

Back 22

Origin - clavicular insertion

Insertion - Cranial half of median raphe of neck

Innervation - accessory n. (CN XI) and ventral brs.of cervical spinal nn.

Action - advance limb; extend shoulder joint; draw neck and head to side

Front 23

Brachiocephalicus - cleidobrachialis m.

Back 23

Origin - Clavicular insertion

Insertion - distal end of cranial border of humerus in the dog, medial surface of the ulna n the cat; fascial attachment to axilla

Innervation - accessory n. (CN XI) and ventral brs. of cervical spinal nn.

Main actions - advance limb, extend shoulder joint, draw neck and head to side

Front 24

Clavicular insertion

Back 24

ADD

Front 25

Clavicle

Back 25

prominent in the cat, rudimentary in the dog

Front 26

Sternocephalicus m.

Back 26

Parts -
Sterno-occipitalis m.
Sternomastoideus m.

Front 27

Sternocephalicus - sternomastoides m.

Back 27

Origin - first sternebra (manubruim)

Insertion - mastoid part of temporal bone

Innervation - accessory n. and ventral brs. of cervial spinal nn.

Main action - draw head and neck to side

Front 28

Sternocephalicus - sterno-occipitalis m.

Back 28

Origin - first sternebra (manubrium)

Insertion - Nuchal crest of occiptal bone of skull

Innervation - accessory n. and ventral brs. of cervial spinal nn.

Main action - draw head and neck to side

Front 29

Sternohyoideus m.

Back 29

Origin - first sternebra (manubruim) and first costal cartilage

Insertion - basihyoid bone

Innervation - ventral brs. of cervical spinal nn.

Main action - draw larynx and tongue caudally

Front 30

Sternothyroideus m.

Back 30

Origin: first costal cartilage

Insertion - caudolateral surface of thyroid cartilage

Innervation - ventral brs. of cervical spinal nn.

Main action - draw larynx and tongue caudally

Front 31

Omotransversarius m.

Back 31

Origin - wing of atlas; also the basioccipital bone in the cat; near the tympanic bulla

Insertion - Distal end of spine of scapula

Innervation - accessory n.

Main actions - advance limb, flex neck laterlly

Front 32

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Back 32

ADD

Front 33

Deep fascia of the neck

Back 33

ADD

Front 34

Carotid sheath

Back 34

ADD

Front 35

Supraspinous ligament

Back 35

We will study this in the neck unit.

Front 36

Nuchal ligament

Back 36

Dog.

We will study this in the neck unit.

Front 37

Median raphe of the neck

Back 37

Cerviacal raphe.

Front 38

Trapezius m.

Back 38

Parts -
Cervicis
Thoracis

Front 39

Trapezius - cervicis m.

Back 39

Origin - median raphe of neck

Insertion - spine of scapula

Innervation - accessory n.

Main action - draw scapula dorsocranially; elevate and abduct forearm (with T. thoracis)

Front 40

Trapezius - thoracis m.

Back 40

Origin - supraspinous ligament to level of ninth thoracic vertebra

Insertion - spine of scapula

Innervation - accessory n.

Main action - draw scapula; elevate and abduct forearm (with T. thoracis)

Front 41

Rhomoideus m.

Back 41

Parts -
Capitis m.
Cervicis m.
Thoracis m.

Front 42

Rhomoideus - capitis m.

Back 42

Origin - Nuchal crest of occipital bone

Insertion - dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of scapula

Innervation - ventral brs. of cervical and thoracic spinal nn.

Main actions - elevate forelimb and draw scapula against trunk

Front 43

Rhomoideus - cervicis m.

Back 43

Origin - median fibrous raphe of neck

Insertion - dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of scapula

Innervation - ventral brs. of cervical and thoracic spinal nn.

Main actions - elevate forelimb and draw scapula against trunk

Front 44

Rhomoideus - thoracis m.

Back 44

Origin - spinous processes of first seven thracic vertebrae

Insertion - dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of scapula

Innervation - ventral brs. of cervical and thoracic spinal nn.

Main actions - elevate forelimb and draw scapula against trunk

Front 45

Latissimus dorsi m.

Back 45

Origin - thoracolumbar fascia from spinous processes of T7-L7 vertebrea in the dog, T4-L6 vertebrae in the cat; muscular attachment to last two or three ribs

Attachment - teres major tuberosity of humerous and teres major tendon

Innervation - Thoracodorsal n.

Main action - draw limb caudally; flex shoulder joint

Front 46

Thoracolumbar fascia

Back 46

ADD

Front 47

Linea alba

Back 47

ADD

Front 48

Serratus ventrails m.

Back 48

Parts -
Cervicis
Thoracis

Front 49

Serratus ventrails - cervicis m.

Back 49

Origin - transverse processes of second to seventh cervical vertebrae

Insertion - dorsomedial third of scapula (serrated face)

Innervation - ventral brs. of cervical spinal nn. and long toracic n.

Main action - support trunk; depress scapula

Front 50

Serratus ventrails - thoracis m.

Back 50

Origin - first seven or eight ribs ventral to their middle in the dog, first nine to ten ribs in the cat

Insertion - dorsomedial third of scapula (serrated face)

Innervation - ventral brs. of cervical spinal nn. and long toracic n.

Main action - support trunk; depress scapula

Front 51

Axillary ln.

Back 51

ADD

Front 52

Accessory axillary lnn.

Back 52

Inconsistent.

Don't need to identify.