Joints

Front 1

Arthrology

Back 1

Study of joints (anatomy, function, dysfunction, and treatment)

Front 2

Kinesiology (kih-NEE-see-OL-oh-jee)

Back 2

Study of musculoskeletal movement; subdiscipline of biomechanics

Front 3

Joint/Articulation

Back 3

a point where two bones meet; typically named after the bones involved

Front 4

Joint functions

Back 4

Diarthrosis (DY-ar-THRO-sis)
Amphiarthrosis (AM-fee-ar-THRO-sis)
Synarthrosis (SIN-ar-THRO-sis)

Front 5

Synarthrosis (SIN-ar-THRO-sis)

Back 5

A joint capable of little or no movement; ex. a suture

Front 6

Amphiarthrosis (AM-fee-ar-THRO-sis)

Back 6

A joint capable of slight movement; ex. intervertebral joint

Front 7

Diarthrosis (DY-ar-THRO-sis)

Back 7

A freely movable joint; ex. elbow joint

Front 8

Joint structure

Back 8

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Bony/Synostoses (SIN-oss-TOE-seez)
Synovial

Front 9

Types of fibrous joints

Back 9

Sutures
Gomphoses (gom-FOE-seez)
Syndesmoses (SIN-dez-MO-seez)

Front 10

How bones in a fibrous joint are connected

Back 10

Collagen fibers emerge from one bone and penetrate another bone

Front 11

A broad syndesmoses ligament sheet along the shafts of two bones

Back 11

Interosseous membrane

Front 12

Syndesmosis
(SIN-dez-MO-sis)

Back 12

A joint that joins two bones by a ligament only; ex. interosseous membrane

Front 13

Gomphosis
(gom-FOE-sis)

Back 13

A joint that attaches a tooth to its socket

Front 14

Types of cartilaginous joints

Back 14

Synchondroses (SIN-con-DRO-seez)
Symphyses

Front 15

Synchondrosis (SIN-con-DRO-sis)

Back 15

A joint that uses hyaline cartilage to join two bones; ex. epiphyseal plate in childhood

Front 16

Symphysis

Back 16

A joint that has hyaline cartilage covering the bone ends, and fibrocartilage in between; ex. cartilaginous interpubic disc

Front 17

Bony joint/Synostosis (SIN-oss-TOE-sis)

Back 17

A joint in which two bones, once separate, have been fused together by osseous tissue;
ex. left and right bones of the maxilla

Front 18

Synovial Joint
(sih-NO-vee-ul)

Back 18

A joint in which two bones are separated by a space containing a slippery lubricant;
ex. knee joint

Front 19

Suture's function

Back 19

Synarthrosis (SIN-ar-THRO-sis)

Front 20

Gomphosis' function
(gom-FOE-sis)

Back 20

Synarthrosis (SIN-ar-THRO-sis)

Front 21

Syndesmosis' function
(SIN-dez-MO-sis)

Back 21

Amphiarthrosis

Front 22

Synchondrosis' function
(SIN-con-DRO-sis)

Back 22

Synarthrosis

Front 23

Symphysis' function

Back 23

Amphiarthrosis

Front 24

Synovial's function

Back 24

Diarthrosis

Front 25

Synostosis' function
(SIN-oss-TOE-sis)

Back 25

Synarthrosis

Front 26

Most common joint in the body

Back 26

Synovial Joint

Front 27

The area containing synovial fluid

Back 27

the joint/articular cavity

Front 28

The texture of synovial fluid

Back 28

viscous and slippery; similar to that of an egg white

Front 29

What gives synovial fluid its texture

Back 29

albumin and hyaluronic acid

Front 30

the function of synovial fluid

Back 30

1)nourish articular cartilage
2)remove their wastes
3)clean up wear and tear cartilage tissue debris with phagocytes

Front 31

What covers the adjoining surfaces of the bones in a synovial joint

Back 31

hyaline articular cartilage

Front 32

what encloses the joint cavity

Back 32

a fibrous joint/articular capsule

Front 33

the components of the joint/articular capsule

Back 33

1)fibrous capsule
2)synovial membrane

Front 34

Fibrous capsule

Back 34

the outer layer of the joint capsule; continuous with the periosteum of the adjoining bones

Front 35

Synovial membrane

Back 35

the inner layer of the joint capsule; made of areolar tissue; secretes synovial fluid

Front 36

the function of the meniscus

Back 36

1)absorb shock and pressure
2)guide bones across each other
3)reduce chance of dislocation
4)distribute force across entire joint

Front 37

tendon

Back 37

a strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Front 38

ligament

Back 38

a strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another

Front 39

bursa

Back 39

a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

Front 40

location of a bursa

Back 40

between adjacent muscles
or
where a tendon passes over a bone

Front 41

the function of bursae

Back 41

1)cushion muscles
2)help tendons slide over joints
3)enhance the mechanical effect of a muscle by modifying the direction in which its tendon pulls

Front 42

tendon sheets

Back 42

elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon

Front 43

Types of synovial joints

Back 43

1)Ball-and-socket 2)Hinge 3)Saddle 4)Gliding 5)Condyloid 6)Pivot

Front 44

Types of joint movement

Back 44

1)monaxial
2)biaxial
3)multiaxial

Front 45

Shape of a hinge joint

Back 45

one bone has a convex surface that fits in the concave depression of the other bone

Front 46

the movement of a hinge joint

Back 46

monaxial

Front 47

hinge joint examples

Back 47

knee, elbow, interphalangeal joints

Front 48

shape of a saddle joint

Back 48

Each bone is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other

Front 49

the movement of a saddle joint

Back 49

biaxial

Front 50

saddle joint examples

Back 50

the trapeziometacarpel joint at the base of the thumb, is the only saddle joint

Front 51

Shape of a pivot joint

Back 51

one bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ligament of the other bone

Front 52

the movement of a pivot joint

Back 52

monaxial

Front 53

pivot joint examples

Back 53

a)atlantoaxial joint btwn 1st two vertebrae
b)proximal radioulnar joint

Front 54

composition of menisci

Back 54

Fibrocartilage

Front 55

shape of a gliding joint

Back 55

both bones are flat or only slightly concave and convex

Front 56

movement of a gliding joint

Back 56

limited monaxial; amphiarthrosis

Front 57

a gliding joint example

Back 57

the joints between carpal bones

Front 58

shape of a condyloid joint

Back 58

one bone has an oval convex surface that fits into similarly shaped depression on the other bone

Front 59

movement of a condyloid joint

Back 59

biaxial

Front 60

examples of condyloid joints

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a)radiocarpal joint
b)metacarpophalangeal joint

Front 61

decreased/increased joint angle
(bent vs. straight)

Back 61

Flexion, extension, hyperextension

Front 62

lateral/medial joint movement

Back 62

Abduction vs. adduction

Front 63

up/down joint movement

Back 63

elevation vs. depression

Front 64

anterior/posterior joint movement

Back 64

protraction vs. retraction

Front 65

sideways/center sliding joint movement

Back 65

lateral excursion vs. medial excursion

Front 66

a joint movement in which one end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the other end makes a circular motion

Back 66

Circumduction

Front 67

joint movement in which a bone turns on its longitudinal axis

Back 67

lateral vs. medial rotation

Front 68

example: rotation of the forearm so that the palm is facing anterior/posterior

Back 68

supination vs. pronation

Front 69

movement of the thumb towards/away from fingertips

Back 69

opposition vs. reposition

Front 70

movement that enables hands to grasp objects

Back 70

opposition

Front 71

toes pointed upward/downward

Back 71

dorsiflexion vs. plantar flexion

Front 72

soles turned laterally/medially

Back 72

eversion vs. inversion

Front 73

ROM

Back 73

Range Of Motion

Front 74

sensory nerve endings of tendons, ligaments, and muscles, that continually monitor and adjust joint angle and muscle tension

Back 74

proprioceptors

Front 75

Factors affecting ROM and stability of a joint

Back 75

1)muscle structure and action
2)structure of the bones' articular surfaces
3)strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons, and the joint capsule