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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which pneumocyte proliferate during lung damage?
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type II pneuomocytes
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What is the indicator of fetal lung maturity?
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lecithin:sphingomyelin >2.0
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How are the pul a. and bronchus related to one another?
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Right Anterior, Left Superior
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What muscle is responsible for passive inspiration?
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diaphragm
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What muscle is responsible for passive expiration?
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none
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What muscles are responsible for inspiration during exercise?
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external intercostals, scalene muscles, SCM
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What muscles are responsible for expiration during exercise?
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rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, transversus abdominus, internal intercostals
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Why do ACEI cause cough?
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inc bradykinin which causes angioedema
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What is residual volume?
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air in lungs after max expiration
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What is expiratory reserve volume?
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ai that can still be breathed out after nl expiration
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What is tidal volume?
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air the moves into lung iwth each quiet inspiration
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What is inspiratory reserve volume?
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air in excess of tidal vol that moves inot lung on max inspiration
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What is vital capacity?
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tidal vol. inspiratory reserve vol. expiratory reserve vol.
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What is functional reserve capacity?
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reserve vol. expiratory reserve vol.
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What is inspiratory capacity?
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IRC and tidal vol
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What is total lung capacit?
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IRV TC ERV RV
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What cause a shift to the R of the O2 dissociation curve?
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CO2, Acid/Altitude, DPG, Exercise, Temperature
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What does a shift to the R allow?
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facilitates unloading
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What does a dec in pH cause?
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shift to the right
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What does an inc in pH cause?
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shift to the left
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What causes limited diffusion?
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exercise, emphysema, fibrosis
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What is the consequence of pul HTN?
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cor pulmonale, right ventricular HF, JVD, edema, hepatomegaly
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How is nl healthy gas exchange limited?
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by perfusion
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How is gas exchanged limited in sick or exercising people?
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diffusion limited
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What is nl pul artery pressure?
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10-14 mmHg
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What is pul HTN?
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artery pressure greater than 25 or >35 when exercising
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What causes primary PulHTN?
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unknown, poor px
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What causes secondary Pul HTN?
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COPD, L to R shunt
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What causes an inc in A-a gradient?
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hypoxemia, sunting, high V/Q mismatch, fibrosis
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Where is there wasted ventilation?
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at apex
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Where is there wasted perfusion?
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base of lung
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Where are ventilation and perfusion greater?
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at the base of the lung
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How is most CO2 transported?
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bicarbonate 90%
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What are the other two less prominent ways CO2 is transported in the blood?
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bound to Hb, dissolved CO2
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What is the Haldane effect?
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oxygenation of Hb promotes dissoc. of CO2 from Hb
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What is the Bohr effect?
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inc in H, shifts curve to right, unloading O2 into tissues
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What happens to the PFTs with COPD?
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dec in FEV1/FVC
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What is the Reid index?
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gland depth/total thickness of bronchial wall
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What is the Reid index in COPD?
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>50%
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What causes centriacinar emphysema?
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smoking
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What causes panacinar emphysema?
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alpha1-antittypsin deficiency
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Who dose paraseptal emphysema affect?
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young, healthy males
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What is paraseptal emphysema assoc. with?
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bllae which can rupture causing a pneumothorax
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What do the PFTs look like with restrictive lung disease?
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FEV1/FVC >80%
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What are the extrapul types of Restrictive lung dz?
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poor muscular effort, porr structural apparatus
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What are shipbuilders and plumbers at risk for?
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asbestosis--mesothelioma, bronchogenic CA
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Which lung CA has parathyroid-like activity?
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Squamous Cell CA
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What is the most common organism of lobar pneumonia?
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pneumococcus
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What is the most common bug of bronchopneumonia?
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s. aureus, h. flu, klebsiella, s. pyogenes
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What is the most common bug of interstitial pneumonia?
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viruses, RSV, adenociruses, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
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What causes transudate pleural effusions?
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CHF, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis
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What causes exudative pleural effusions?
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malignancy, pneumonia, collagen vascular dz, trauma
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Which type of pleural effusion has high ptn content?
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exudative
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