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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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significance of the 17th of feb
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supposed to be the day tv stations ceased transmitting signals over analog
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analog
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breaks images into light pulses
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digital transforms
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better picture, easier to broadcast,
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signal can send out
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four streams
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origins and development
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paul nipkow 1880
broke pictures into light units that could be sent |
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Zworykin and farnswortyh
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develop electronic broadcasting methods. farnsworth transmits first tv picture electronically
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Direct broadcast satellites
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pbs bypasses cable to get programming directly from satelllite
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early dishes had to be how many ft away from a home
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20 to f40
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flc restricts dbs services
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full legalized dbs services 1999 direct tv, echostar, industry lead
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cable channels and how we get news
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cable origins
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fcc adopts
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analog in 1941
standardized set production to be replaced by digital |
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vhf
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variant high frequency 13 channels
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sponsorship and scandals
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single sponsored shows 1980s
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kinescope
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pictures being scanned onto a take
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networks fear sponsor control
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dispute over content
pat weaver focus advertisers out by raising costs increase show length magazine format undermined democratic tv spawned contemporary cynicism |
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charles van owen
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encourages van doren to win a noble champion
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huntley brunkley
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1956 cbs
walter cronkite first to use affliliates 60 mins |
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electronic publisher carries
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freedom to use their own content
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common carrier
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cannot be involved in selecting content
like phone companies |
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midwest video case
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supreme court ruled cable is an electronic publisher
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franchise frenzy
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from late 70s to early 80s city or state monopoly to select cable companies
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franchise fee
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many cable companies would pay city annually for the right to operate
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telecommunications act of 1996
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first major change since 1934
removes the market barriers reaffirms the most carry rules to protect local broadcasters |
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1996
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gave local carriers the ability to opt in and opt out
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merger mania
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buyouts, hardware, cable
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risk of vertical monopoly
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92 percent of american homes only have one choice for cable tv. rates have risen by 54 percent since 1996
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oglipoly
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power in the hands of 3 or 4
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top two players
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comcast and time warner
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by 2006
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top 5 mso controlled 70 percent of cable
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cable come of age
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growth after 1996
145 networks to 308 in 2002 |
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narrowcasting
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is a specific market ideal for advertising
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cnn
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24 hr channel 1980
headline 1982 |
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cnn competition
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fox news channel in 1996
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cnn
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is ranked the most credible, cnn charges higher ad rates
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mtv
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warner communications 1981
viacom buys in 1985 440 million homes worldwide beyond music in 1990s original programming |
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hbo
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owned by time warner
original programming |
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how do americans cope with recession
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people go to more movies
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movies
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tell communal stories
encourage us to rethink contemporary ideas |
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early film technology
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cellucid
brought on by george eastman |
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eastern pateted kinetoscope vitascope
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kinescope- records it
vitascope displays it |
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first american to narrative films
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edwin parter
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what techniques did edwin introduce
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nickelodeons-silent films, short, numbers increased rapidly
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power of studio system
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edisons trust
cartel of major u.s. french producers |
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zukor and fox
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worked to control distribution and exhibition
vertical integration oligopoly |
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why did hollywood became film capital of the world
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avoid edisons trust by racing to mexico, cheap labor, diverse scenery, mild climate, european film industry
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hollywood story telling
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talkins 1927 warner brothers film
the jazz singer |
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the jazz singer
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starred alan johnson
russian immigrant ad libbed in film |
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break through talkie
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singing fool, fox studios news reels
, |
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movietone
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produced film footage with sound
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blockbusters
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underwrite 80-90 percent of films that use money
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paramount decision
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major studios forced to end vertical integration
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television changes hollywood
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demographic change after wwII
average marriage age moved to 19 families start earlier baby boom staying at home with kids |
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by mid 50s
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tv has taken over family entertainment
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movies develop technologies
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technicolor
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movie theatre
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movie balances offer cooled air in 1930s
later moved to suburbs |
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movie busmass
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annual ticket sales over one billion
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exhibition
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70s multiplexes and megaplexes (44 or more) strategy build more megaplexes, smaller theatre, upscale admissions, sell ads to boost revenue, fewer employees
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video recorders
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betenat by sony in 1975 intended for the time shifting to shows
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vhs 1976 2 hrs japan made
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consumers choose length over quality
porn movies drive early vhs sales |
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by 2007 hollywood
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60 percent of revenue for hollywood is from movie rentals
film to video release time has decreased from 6 months to 4 months |
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clikstar
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now company will offer movies on internet some day as in theatres
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viacom
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is owned by blockbuster
5900 stores in the u.s. 2600 outside the u.s. |
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independents
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robert redfords sundance festival
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