Jazz History

Front 1

Cab Calloway

Back 1

(1907-1994) swing
-one of the most popular and colorful bandleaders to emerge during the 1930's and 1940's
- nickname was "the hi-de-ho man"
- his band, the Missourians, played at the Cotton Club and were in several films

Front 2

Jimmie Lunceford

Back 2

(1902- 1947) swing
- his band was known for its on-stage antics, with the musicians waving their derby hats or their horns in the air.
-played at the Cotton Club
- performed novelty numbers as well as sweet arrangements and hot instrumentals
- no band equaled Lunceford's commercial showmanship

Front 3

Chick Webb

Back 3

house band at Harlem's Savoy Ballroom, a premier jazz spot for listening and dancing during the 1930's.
- one of most influential drummers of the early swing period
- discovered and launced career of vocalist, Ella Fitzgerald

Front 4

Jimmy Harrison

Back 4

one of the most significant trombone players of the 1920's and early 1930s who greatly advanced the technique of the instrument

Front 5

Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey

Back 5

among the most popular swing-era bandleaders
tommy was a trombonist and jimmy a saxophonist.

Front 6

Glenn Miller

Back 6

-trombonist
-his band was among the most famous of the swing era
- joined the US Air Force in 1942 to form a band to entertain troops. got on a plane, but the plane never landed (shot down?)
-remembered for his arrangements

Front 7

Artie Shaw

Back 7

-most interesting of the white bandleaders to ahieve celebrity during the swing era.
- only clarinetist to rival Goodman in popularity
8 marriages, recorded "little jazz" in 1944

Front 8

Coleman Hawkins

Back 8

-elevated the tenor sax to prominence as a jazz voice
- toured with the jazz hounds with Marrie Smith

Front 9

Lester Young

Back 9

most significant tenor saxophonist to escape the influence of Hawkins
-was a featured soloist with the count basie band
early recordings in 1936 with solos on "oh, lady be good" and "shoe shine boy"

Front 10

Roy Eldridge

Back 10

hailed successor to louis armstrong
- brought to the trumpet the more harmony-based, vertical improvisation approach
-exploited the three-octave range of the trumpet and his solos exhibited a fiery vigor and an ability to handle breakneck combos
-played at mintons playhouse in the early 940s

Front 11

teddy wilson

Back 11

most influential swing era pianist
principally played better in groups,

Front 12

gene krupa

Back 12

became one of Goodman's most important sidemen and possibly most idolized
- probably most well-known drummer of the swing era

Front 13

charlie christian

Back 13

-revolutionized jazz guitar playing, one of greatest guitar players in jazz history (swing-bebop)
- first major player to feature electric guitar in jazz ensembles (instrument made available in 1935)
-complete soloist

Front 14

benny carter

Back 14

-personified the history of jazz
-was probably one of the two leading alto saxophone stylists of swing, the other was johnny hodges

Front 15

billie holiday

Back 15

-touchstone pf jazz singing

Front 16

bebop

Back 16

emergence in the 1940s, represented a radical rejection of the musical conventions of the swing era, performed in bars and nightclubd, played for listening rather than dancing, 5 or 6 musicians
-mintons playhouse and monroes uptown house

Front 17

sarah vaughn

Back 17

1924-1990
-became a preeminent jazz singer, possibly the greatest to develop in the bebop era

Front 18

billy eckstine

Back 18

suave baritone vocalisr, played trumpet and valve trombone
-the eckstine band of 1944 has frequently been called "the first bebop big band"

Front 19

charlie parker

Back 19

probably the greatest, most brilliant saxaphonist of all time
-"groovin high, "koko", dizzy atmosphere, all the things you are, salt peanuts"

Front 20

dizzy gillespie

Back 20

trumpet player, architect of bebop
-"manteca"
-great personalities and elder statesman of jazz scene

Front 21

bud powell

Back 21

considered finest of the bop pianists
-right hand bop piano style
-father of modern jazz piano
new yorker

Front 22

thelonius monk

Back 22

erratic, awkward, odd piano style
-rooted in harlem stride tradition
-house pianist at Mintons
-"four in one"

Front 23

fats navarro

Back 23

noteable trumpeter of the bebop era

Front 24

woody herman

Back 24

white clarinetist from milwaukee
-brought bebop sounds to a wider audience and probably recieved the greatest commercial success in this style

Front 25

claude thornhill

Back 25

pianisr in big band bebop

Front 26

James Reese Europe

Back 26

introduced the foxtrot

Front 27

Scott Joplin

Back 27

maple leaf rag, made ragtime rag

Front 28

dixieland

Back 28

first jazz style to become popular

Front 29

original dixieland jazz band

Back 29

first jazz group to record in 1917

Front 30

Black Swan

Back 30

first black record label in 1921

Front 31

Genett

Back 31

top jazz label in 1920's

Front 32

Paul Whiteman

Back 32

white bandleader, king of jazz

Front 33

george gerswhin

Back 33

wrote rhapsody in blue, I got rhythm

Front 34

duke ellington

Back 34

stareted swing in 1927, played piano at the cotton club

Front 35

Benny Goodman

Back 35

got swing REALLY going in 1935 in the Palomar ballroom. teenagers loved it
clarinetist, father of swing

Front 36

James P. Johnson

Back 36

father of stride piano

Front 37

W.C. Handy

Back 37

father of Blues

Front 38

Miles Davis

Back 38

trumpeter
birth of cool jazz, modal jazz, fused jazz and rock--called music "fusion"

Front 39

john coltrane

Back 39

came out of miles davis' group, recorded album "love supreme",
-avante garde style

Front 40

stan Kenton and woody herman

Back 40

third stream bandleaders

Front 41

free jazz

Back 41

drummer Chico Hamilton first experienced with it. Coleman, saxophonist came out with album free jazz

Front 42

verve records

Back 42

50’s big jazz record label

Front 43

Oscar Peterson

Back 43

canadien pianist, managed ella fitzgerald

Front 44

hard bop

Back 44

started by Art Blakey in 50's similar to bebop, but more emotional and slower

Front 45

end of jazz popularity in 60's

Back 45

british invasion, commercialization, R and B, death of jazz legends

Front 46

what makes jazz popular again?

Back 46

generational gap, jazz in universities, jazz literature

Front 47

Nat "king" Cole

Back 47

First Black jazz artist to have a weekly radio show
-singer

Front 48

third stream music

Back 48

• A blend of jazz and European concert music. In many instances, third-stream composers create concert works that allow for improvisation within larger-scale structures influenced by both jazz and concert music

Front 49

Art Tatum

Back 49

•One of the most prestigious virtuosos in jazz history
•Blind in one eye and visually impaired in the other. He learned to read music in Braille.

Front 50

Jelly Roll Morton

Back 50

pianist, fist important composer-arranger in jazz
self proclaimed inventor of jazz

Front 51

Dave Brubeck

Back 51

one of the most commercially successful jazz musicians of the 50's and 60's
pianist-composer