History Of Jazz

Front 1

Characteristics of west African Music

Back 1

In Every Day life work songs
Call and Response format
Music and DAnce are Unified
Inst. Used to imitate human voice
Improv and sponteniety are essentail
Rhythems are complicated

Front 2

The nine Musical Sources of Jazz

Back 2

Marching band
Rag Time
Cake Walks
Popular dances and sonngs (waltz etc.)
spirituals
latin American songs and dances (congo etc)
African Rhythem (polyrhythem)
European harmony- musical notation and harmony
The Blues - Country BLues one guitar usually male songs of despair (classical blues-female singer, songs of love, 12 bar form)

Front 3

Defining Features of Jazz

Back 3

Improvinization-
syncopation
Jazz Harmony
Instruments
Percussion
Rough sounds-buzz's rattles
Repitition of brief rhythmic patterns
Polyrhythems
The way tones are decorated
blues notes call and response

Front 4

Improvinization

Back 4

improvising the music from not written music.

Front 5

Syncopation

Back 5

displaced beats or accents not on everybeat

Front 6

repitition or rhythmic patterns

Back 6

Riff
boogie-woogie
ride rhythems

Front 7

Polyrhythems

Back 7

came from west african stle of music

Front 8

how were notes decorated?

Back 8

Noteds leading in scoop
notes below first note fall
played one note higher

Front 9

First important jazz Tenor Saxaphonist

Back 9

Coleman Hawkins

Front 10

first important jazz Saxaphonist?

Back 10

sydney Buchette

Front 11

First important Jazz Composer

Back 11

Jelly Roll Morton

Front 12

First important White jazzer

Back 12

Bix Biderbecke

Front 13

first pianist known for his trumpet style of improvising?

Back 13

Earl Hines

Front 14

Father of Stride Piano?

Back 14

James Johnson

Front 15

Prolific and creative jazz Composer

Back 15

Duke Ellington

Front 16

The Composer of honeysuckle rose

Back 16

Fats Waller- most pop. pianist of 20's and 30's

Front 17

Composer of west end Blues

Back 17

King Oliver

Front 18

Composer of Harlem Airshaft?

Back 18

Duke Ellington: seen as greatest composer in Jazz

Front 19

Composer of the Charleston

Back 19

James P. Johnson

Front 20

Composer of The maple leaf rag

Back 20

Scott Joplin

Front 21

Composer of Aint misbahavin

Back 21

Fats Waller

Front 22

Composer of Stars and stripes forever

Back 22

john sousa

Front 23

Composer of riverboat Shuffle

Back 23

Bix Beiderbecke

Front 24

Composer of Taxi war Dance

Back 24

Count Basie

Front 25

Pulse

Back 25

a musical beat or rhythem

Front 26

Measure

Back 26

a bar of a piece of Music

Front 27

Meter

Back 27

base pulse and rhythm in a piece of music

Front 28

Chord

Back 28

a group of three or more ntoes sounded together to make a harmony

Front 29

Beat

Back 29

the basic unit of time in music

Front 30

bar

Back 30

music of equal time sections in which the music is devided

Front 31

2 beat feel

Back 31

it feels as tho there are more then one beat

Front 32

polyrhythem

Back 32

sound of 2 or more rhythms

Front 33

Tempo

Back 33

the speed of music in which the music should or is played

Front 34

Hot Vs. Cool

Back 34

emotion fast pitch bebop. Cool jazz long melodick smooth

Front 35

Glissando

Back 35

a continuous slide upward or downward between two notes

Front 36

Ballad

Back 36

a song narrating a story

Front 37

ArcoVs. Pizziacato

Back 37

arco using the bow on the bass pizicatto using fingers to pluck the base.

Front 38

Blues Form

Back 38

start with one chord and move to four chords in the fifth measure
12 bars a-a-b

Front 39

Octave

Back 39

Music a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice or half the frequency of vibration of the other.
• the interval between these two notes.
• each of the two notes at the extremes of this interval.
• these two notes sounding together.

Front 40

Vibrato

Back 40

how tallented the artist is in cotrolling volume pitch etc.

Front 41

leggato Vs. Steccato

Back 41

legato- connected notes
steccato- seperated notes

Front 42

breaks

Back 42

rhythem section stops playing

Front 43

Collective improvisination

Back 43

jazz and bass set beat and people jump in

Front 44

DOuble- time feel

Back 44

the beat doesnt change just feels faster

Front 45

Jam Format

Back 45

start of with a harmony all know and then take turns jumping in

Front 46

rhythm Change

Back 46

four chord porgrssion in a single harmony

Front 47

Boogie Woogie

Back 47

left hand keeping bass section with right hanf playing other

Front 48

Field Hollar

Back 48

African american cry or hollar congo square

Front 49

First jazz group to record
and when

Back 49

1917- original dixie jass band

Front 50

First songs Recorded?

Back 50

livery stable blues

Front 51

Minstreal songs

Back 51

blackface

Front 52

tailgate trombone

Back 52

would sit in back of wagon in order to meneuver his slide

Front 53

back beat

Back 53

an accent in a normally unaccented beat in the measure

Front 54

Overtones

Back 54

1. A musical tone that is a part of the harmonic series above a fundamental note and may be heard with it

Front 55

rhythm section vs. horn section or front line

Back 55

style of earlier brass band marches

Front 56

Vamp

Back 56

A repeated chord progression or rhythmic figure leading either into or out of a tune

Front 57

Cadenza

Back 57

imporvised r written out section of music for soloist very ornate

Front 58

Scat singing

Back 58

singing just syllables

Front 59

Major scale

Back 59

It is made up of seven distinct notes, plus an eighth which duplicates the first an octave higher

Front 60

tone color=timbre=tone quality

Back 60

Tone quality and color are synonyms for timbre, as well as the "texture attributed to a single instrumen

Front 61

Lindy Hop

Back 61

The Lindy Hop is an American social dance, from the Swing dance family. It evolved in Harlem, New York City in the 1920s and '30s

Front 62

Slow Drag

Back 62

The Slow drag is an American social dance originally performed to ragtime music, and has been resurrected as part of blues dancing

Front 63

Frankie Manning

Back 63

dancer of the lindy hop and savoy

Front 64

Palomar Ballroom

Back 64

The Palomar Ballroom, built in 1925, was a famous ballroom in Los Angeles

Front 65

Cotton Club

Back 65

The Cotton Club was a famous night club in Harlem, New York City that operated during PROHIBITION that included jazz music

Front 66

Roseland

Back 66

ballroom NY

Front 67

virtuoso

Back 67

highly tallented muciscian

Front 68

Elitch Gardens

Back 68

a venue for jazz muciscians

Front 69

James Reese Europe

Back 69

disciplined and well trained musician in ragtime, but died young
-was financially at the top of American music and culture
-memorized all the music because white people didn’t want to believe that black people could read music

Front 70

Original Dixieland Jazz Band

Back 70

-quintet of all white guys
-Nick Larocka led the band on trumpet
-claims to have started jazz and that black people stole jazz from white men
-the main point of the record was for humor
-imitating actual jazz from New Orleans

Front 71

Sidney Bechet

Back 71

-first great jazz saxophonist
-constantly getting into trouble so he did not become as influential as Louis Armstrong
-was in Europe when jazz was becoming popular in the US
-also played clarinet, but played soprano saxophone later
-got into a gun fight at 4:30 with a man in the middle of the street over the chord changes in a song

Front 72

James P Johnson

Back 72

-father of stride piano
-left hand plays a low bass note and jumps to a mid chord while right hand plays melodies
-wrote the Charleston
-not as influential as Hines because he was busy writing music for Broadway
Rent Parties

Front 73

Thomas "Fats" Waller
 

Back 73

-was incredibly fat
-pianist and organ for movies
-known for his sense of humor and hamming it up

Front 74

The Swing Era

Back 74

-also called the Big Band era
-about 10 people early on
-standard became 18 to 22 players
-rhythm section with bass, drums, piano, frequently guitar
-woodwind section with saxophones and clarinets
-brass section with trumpets and trombones
-singer and conductor
-bands were so big because swing dancers needed to hear the music in large clubs
-saxophone became the main woodwind instrument, bumping out the clarinet
-string bass replaced the left hand of the piano and the tuba
-high hat cymbal became much more popular at this point
-kept the beat in a more subtle fashion
-random improve became much more rare
-everyone in the band had to be able to read music so that every is playing together and sounding good
-guitar bumped out the banjo

Front 75

10 Things That Made A Big Change In The Swing Era

Back 75

-soli
-a section of the band is playing something that makes them the feature
-shout chorus
-everyone is playing loud and exciting
-dancing
-a release from the reality of the depression
-focused on the "hot" side of jazz

Front 76

Benny Goodman

Back 76

-earned a reputation as a fine clarinetist
-was seen as too ambitious at times
-died practicing his clarinet
-was mean to other people in the band
-helped to headline NBC's new radio show, Let's Dance, which had 3 straight hours of music
-hired Fletcher Henderson for his music book and to write new music
-in Denver, a club manage kicked them out
-was on a trip to take jazz out west where the music scene was very old fashioned
-didn't work until reaching Los Angeles

Front 77

Count Bassie

Back 77

-grew up in Kansas City
-a very corrupt city during the time
-Count Bassie and his Barons of Rhythm
-William James Bassie
-played music for silent movies, vaudeville, and burlesque houses
-believed music should swing easy and didn't need to be complicated
-only had head arrangements, but no actual written arrangements

Front 78

Coleman Hawkins

Back 78

-first important tenor saxophonist
-very heavy and on the beat with his sound
-harmonic style
-solo on "Body and Soul" is the most important tenor sax solo
-done in one take

Front 79

Track 3?

Back 79

West End Blues
King Oliver Louis armstrong& earl hines

Front 80

Track 4?

Back 80

Riverboat Shuffle
Bix Biederbecke

Front 81

Track 5?

Back 81

Reckless Blues
Bessie Smith louis armstrong

Front 82

Track 7?

Back 82

Body and Soul
Coleman Hawkins

Front 83

Track 8?

Back 83

Taxi War Dance
Count Basie

Front 84

Track 9

Back 84

Harlem Airshaft
Duke Ellington

Front 85

Track 10?

Back 85

Ive got it bad and that aint good
Johnny Hodges

Front 86

Charlie parker

Back 86

Most important jaxx saxaphonist in jazz history
1920 -1955 died of heroin overdose

Front 87

contrafact

Back 87

A contrafact is a new musical composition built out of an already existing one, most often a new melody overlaid on a familiar harmonic structure.

Front 88

dizzy ballesti

Back 88

most virtuosity on trumpet

Front 89

4 influences of bebop

Back 89

The blues
Jazz origionals
Standard
contrafacts

Front 90

thelonios monk

Back 90

dissonant harmonies
excentric

Front 91

We swing we play swinging Kansas City Blues. Arrangements based on Spot Riffs.
leader often repeated piano vamps until swing is solid. Patriotic Rhythm

Back 91

Count Basie Big Band

Front 92

Name of group louis Armstrong recorded West End Blues. in Indiana

Back 92

Hot 5 and Hot7

Front 93

Swing Film?

Back 93

Hells a poppin'

Front 94

Standard Bop Group instrumentation:

Back 94

3 person rhythem section and 2 horns

Front 95

In a 32 bar A-A-B-A
B is?

Back 95

a Bridge

Front 96

Sui Generis?

Back 96

One of a kind; Unique

Front 97

What is not part of early jazz?

Back 97

Written out arrangements

Front 98

BOp Singable- Swing instrumental

Back 98

Not a difference between swing and Bop

Front 99

Black music director for Irene& V. Castle US army brought jazzed up music to france killed by his drummer

Back 99

John Europe

Front 100

repeated piano figure that starts up the groove?

Back 100

Vamp

Front 101

not a reason why jazz emerged in New Orleans in 1900

Back 101

Great Migration of African Americans to the north.

Front 102

Jazz Contrafact?

Back 102

The same melody played against itself by instruments follwing one another

Front 103

two of the four skills of listening?

Back 103

Count( beats measures etc.)
Ask questions about what your listening to

Front 104

True or false:
In swing Era Collective improv was more comon the solo improv

Back 104

False

Front 105

Big band Pianis populurized "compipng"
Always used KISS rule
In KC?

Back 105

Count Basie

Front 106

Melodic storyteller on Tenor SaxGiven title i was chief of music by Billie Holdiay?

Back 106

Lester Young

Front 107

Immidiate percurser of Lindyhop

Back 107

Charleston

Front 108

style of music that dencers blamed to be the end of swing

Back 108

Bebop

Front 109

Crescendo?

Back 109

The music Gets Louder

Front 110

what band leader was reluctant to innitially hire Ella Fitzgerald

Back 110

Chic web

Front 111

what band leader was reluctant to innitially hire Ella Fitzgerald

Back 111

Chic web

Front 112

MJQ

Back 112

Modern Jazz Quartet. Aimed at doing jazz with class, Told elegent jokes. brought jazz back to its previous showmanship.Rehearsed intro

Front 113

MJQ

Back 113

Modern Jazz Quartet. Aimed at doing jazz with class, Told elegent jokes. brought jazz back to its previous showmanship.Rehearsed intro

Front 114

Dave Brubeck

Back 114

Famous for Structure of Take 5
Cool structutres to immitate western european style of classical music.

Front 115

Dave Brubeck

Back 115

Famous for Structure of Take 5
Cool structutres to immitate western european style of classical music.

Front 116

what band leader was reluctant to innitially hire Ella Fitzgerald

Back 116

Chic web

Front 117

First school to have jazz as a class?

Back 117

N. Texas University

Front 118

First school to have jazz as a class?

Back 118

N. Texas University

Front 119

MJQ

Back 119

Modern Jazz Quartet. Aimed at doing jazz with class, Told elegent jokes. brought jazz back to its previous showmanship.Rehearsed intro

Front 120

what band leader was reluctant to innitially hire Ella Fitzgerald

Back 120

Chic web

Front 121

Dave Brubeck

Back 121

Famous for Structure of Take 5
Cool structutres to immitate western european style of classical music.

Front 122

MJQ

Back 122

Modern Jazz Quartet. Aimed at doing jazz with class, Told elegent jokes. brought jazz back to its previous showmanship.Rehearsed intro

Front 123

Dave Brubeck

Back 123

Famous for Structure of Take 5
Cool structutres to immitate western european style of classical music.

Front 124

First school to have jazz as a class?

Back 124

N. Texas University

Front 125

First school to have jazz as a class?

Back 125

N. Texas University

Front 126

Inspired by Charlie parker
Went to Julard.
Went to france and was treated like human. Came back to the US and was treated again like a child. Became a pimp and was arrested.
Most highly payed jazz muciscian.

Back 126

Miles Davis

Front 127

MJQ Continued

Back 127

Longest running jazz band

Front 128

Jerry mulligan

Back 128

Played barritone Sax. Did Contrapundle arrangements. Played in quartets with no strings.

Front 129

Lenny Trestano

Back 129

Blind Pianist. Represents intellectual side. Further yu get from harmony the more free you become. Was a FREE Jazz muciscian

Front 130

Hard BOp

Back 130

Much More A. American music phasing through.
Part of it a gift of freedom from A. Americans. Partially Civil rights movement.

Front 131

Hard BOp COnt

Back 131

Juke Box made music more accessible.
Art Blakey= amazing drummer.

Front 132

Clifford Brown

Back 132

Amazing trumpet player.
wholesome jazz muciscian.
Died young due to car accident.

Front 133

Charles Mingus

Back 133

Played with everyone.
Bass Player. Human rights Promoter. started schools and workshops.

Front 134

Miles Davis: Miles Ahead

Back 134

Gil Evans and Coletrane

Front 135

John Coltrane

Back 135

Extremely influential Tenor and Alto sax. WOuld keep sax at dinner table. Became increadibly Religious. Has church based around him. Obsessed with Chord Change.

Front 136

John Coltrane Cont.

Back 136

Loved playing so many notes that music described as sheets of sound. Paved the way to free jazz. When playing with Monk had spiritual awakening. Wrote Alabama in regards to jazz bombing.

Front 137

Free Jazz

Back 137

In regards to civil rights. Usually never had piano players. Piano usually means harmony. Has Shreeks and squeeks. Goes on ling periods of time. Great Variety in the Melody. Duric tempo Fluctuations. Was not about unified feeling.

Front 138

Bill Evans

Back 138

american jazz pianist. Played in Kinda Blue. Heroin addict alcoholic. new harmonization using modes.

Front 139

Conversational Style,

Back 139

Muciscian would play in regards to other jazz muciscans.

Front 140

Paino Trio

Back 140

Piano bass Drums

Front 141

Nat King COle

Back 141

made waltz popular again

Front 142

Chick Correa

Back 142

Jazz and Latin Fuzion. Armadas rhumba.

Front 143

Clave

Back 143

Key
-Clapping in salsa

Front 144

kieth Jarret

Back 144

-Classical training
-increadible pianist
-Played funk
-playd solo jazz improv

Front 145

Bessie Smith

Back 145

Blues Singer
Empress of the Blues
Sang Downhearted Blues
huge voice

Front 146

Ella Fitzgerald

Back 146

extremely accomplshed
homeless for two years
Chick webb initially didnt want to hire her.
Stron skat singer
influenced freddy jefferson

Front 147

eddy Jefferson

Back 147

would sing harmony first harmony.
BOdy and Soul - Coleman
Hawkins
VOCALAIDS

Front 148

Vocalaids

Back 148

Taking songs and singing the mwith words.

Front 149

Billy Holiday

Back 149

One of the most inf. jazz singers.Got in emotional center of song. Crusader of justice. Lester young called her Lady Day. Learned to sing by follwing louis Armstong SOlos

Front 150

Sarah Vaugh

Back 150

first to really sing Bebop
uses a lot of vibrato

Front 151

Zylophone

Back 151

Wood inst.

Front 152

Novelty Ragtime

Back 152

Zylophone soloist. Record really well well acoustic recording.

Front 153

George Hamilton

Back 153

Highest paid jazz muciscian in 1920's.
Marimba - goddess of music

Front 154

JC. Deagan

Back 154

invented zylophone in 1923.
Physisist
INVENTED INST> TO CREATE UNIV STANDARD OF PITCH.
Vibraharp

Front 155

Hile Hampton

Back 155

Hot Vibraphonist
Claimed to have invented rock and roll
used very hard sticks and very fast vibrato

Front 156

Red Nervo

Back 156

Started ragtime saxaphonist
very cool player
used much softer sticks

Front 157

Mil Jackson

Back 157

Great bebop xylophonist
subtle expressive player.
Bags of B....

Front 158

Track 15

Back 158

Parkers Mood
Charlie parker

Front 159

Track 16

Back 159

Leap frog
Parker Galespie

Front 160

Track 20

Back 160

Subconcious lee
Lennie trestiano and lee konitz

Front 161

Track 22

Back 161

Art BLakey and the messengers

Front 162

Track 23

Back 162

Two Bass Hit
COaltraine and cannonball adderly

Front 163

Track 24

Back 163

Gregory is here
Horace Silver Michael brecker

Front 164

Track 25

Back 164

Blue in green Miles Davis

Front 165

Track 29

Back 165

your lady john coletrane

Front 166

track 31

Back 166

SOlar
Bill Evans