Jainism

Front 1

What is Jina and it's role?

Back 1

A Jina (victor/conquerer) is one of the 24 ascetic prophets in a time cycle who represents the ideal of conquering attachment to the world of samsara. they are venerated and emulated. Highest expression of Jina ideal.

Front 2

What does ascetic mean?

Back 2

characterized by severe self discipline and abstinence from any type of indulgence.

Front 3

What is Jaina's positon on the soul's relationship to violence?

Back 3

Violence causes karmic bondage of the soul, either intentional or non-intentional. Non-violence is he most important pronciple in thought, word, and deed for freeing of the soul.

Front 4

Define Syetambara

Back 4

'white clad' monks wearing white robes, believe a liberated Jaina still eats, sleeps, and speaks regularly.

Front 5

Define Digambara

Back 5

Sky-clad, meaning naked

Front 6

What are Digambara sects?

Back 6

, Digambaras (sky clad/naked) beleive the Jina has no need of normal bodily activities suh as sleep or consumption of food and pooping, and does not preach, communicates through a supernatural sound. believe women have to be reborn as men to be liberated.

Front 7

Define Sangha?

Back 7

community of Jainist monks

Front 8

What are the characteristics of a Jaina sangha and its relationship of the various branches of the community?

Back 8

Mahayira established Jainism as a four-fold community made of monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen. Originally there were more women, the relationship between the monastics and lay people was mutual benefit, reliance, and service.

Front 9

What is the origin of Jaina sacred literature according to tradition?

Back 9

transmitted from Mahavira to his followers, but not originated by him. Eternal teachings were first given to Jina Rsabha, then transmitted by each succeeding prophet. Mahavira's teaching were memorized by his closest disciples, and transmitted to other disciples, who turn passed them along generations. The Jaina canon (agama) was an oral tradition for many years.

Front 10

Who is Mahavira?

Back 10

24th and last Tirthankara aka spiritual teacher/prophet

Front 11

What is the Shramana movement?

Back 11

The Shramana movement 6th century bce, condemned the status quo of vedic society i india. Buddhism also emerged from this movement. Shramanas beleived that all beings needed to seek liberation from samsara, each shramana group claimed a unique insight into the workings of the cosmos, as well as a way to acheive moksha.

Front 12

According to Jainism, what is the cosmos made of?

Back 12

Six eternal substances called dravya. Confined to two categories: jiva(soul), eternal substance with consciousness, and ajiva (non-soul), substancewithout consciousness. Ajiva consists of five types: pudgala (pure matter),kala (time), dharma (principle of motion), adharma (principle of rest), andakash (space).

Front 13

How to Jainas understand the concept of karma?

Back 13

Karma is a substance that physically binds us to the material world. Negative karma attaches to our soul and stops us from knowing our true self. Both good and bad karma are 'sticky and must be rid of for liberation. Self restraint slows the accumulation of karma, but karma can ripen and vanish prematurely through the practice of ascetic discipline.

Front 14

What was the main concern of Jaina reformers 15th- 16th centuries?

Back 14

-reformers reacted against an increase in temple building and permanent settlements of jaina asceticcs there. they saw a correlation between the proliferation of temples and growing laxity on the part of many jaina ascetics, who abaonded their itinerant way of life for relative comfort and settled life in and around temples. the practice of dwelling was forcefully condemned. Resulting in an absene of settled temple based communities today.

Front 15

What are the five mahavratas of Jainism?

Back 15

Themahavratas are the five “great vows” taken by Jaina ascetics: non-violence(ahimsa), truth (satya), non-stealing (asteya), chastity (brahmacharya), andnon-possession/non-attachment (aparigraha). (Examples for the last part, theanuvratas or “small vows” taken by householders, will vary, but could include:certain foods are prohibited, but harm to one-sensed beings is consideredunavoidable; chastity is in marriage rather than total; possessions areallowed, but they must be minimized and scrutinized). (pp. 356–361)k|Uw�,

Front 16

What is ahimsa?

Back 16

Non-violence, one of the five mahavratas

Front 17

What is satya?

Back 17

Truth, one of the five mahavratas

Front 18

What is asteya

Back 18

Non-stealing, one of the five mahavratas

Front 19

What is brahmacharya

Back 19

Chasity, one of the five mahavratas

Front 20

What is apargraha

Back 20

Non-possession/non-attachments, one of the five mahavratas

Front 21

What is anuyratas

Back 21

small vows taken by housholders, rules include certain foods being prohibited, harm to one-sensed beings is considered unavoidable, chastity is in marriage rather than in total, possessions are allowed, but they must be as little as possible.

Front 22

How have Jainas traditionally adapted to the surrounding culture as a minority in India?

Back 22

Jainas have traditionally been able to maintain a good relationship with their neighbors because of their tradition of non-harm, and doctrine of anekantavada (that all human truth claims are partial, and therefore compromise is necessary). stressed cautious integration with neighboring people and practices. Hindu practices reinterpreted and adopted without fear of assimilation. Not concerned with exclusivity of followers.