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297 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle?
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pelvis
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What part of the pelvis protects the inferior abdominal viscera?
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greater pelvis
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What part of the pelvis follows the curvature of the illiac crest?
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greater pelvis
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What part of the pelvis contains the skeletal framework for the pelvic cavity and perineum?
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lesser pelvis
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What is the anterior border of the pelvis?
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inferior anterolateral abdominal wall
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What is the posterolateral border of the pelvis?
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gluteal region of the lower limb
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What is the inferior border of the pelvis?
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perineum
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What is the area of the surface of the trunk between the thighs, from the coccyx to the pubis?
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perineum
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What is the region of the body that includes all structures of the anal and urogenital triangles, deep and superficial?
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perineum
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What region of the body extends superiorly to the pelvic diaphragm?
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perineum
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What bears the weight of the upper body when sitting or standing?
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pelvic girdle
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What transfers weight from the axial to the lower appendicular skeleton when walking?
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pelvic girdle
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What is the attachment point for muscles of the upper leg and lower back?
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pelvic girdle
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What contains and protects the pelvic viscera?
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pelvic girdle
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What provides support for the abdominopelvic viscera (especially the uterus)?
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pelvic girdle
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What is the attachment point for erectile tissues of the external genitalia?
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pelvic girdle
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What is the attachment point for muscles that form the pelvic floor?
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pelvic girdle
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What bones have 3 portions and are joined at the acetabulum?
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coxal bones
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What joins the coxal bones in infants and children?
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triradiate cartilage
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What bones fuse anteriorly at the pubic symphysis?
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coxal bones
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What bones articulate with the sacrum posteriorly to form the iliosacral joint?
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coxal bones
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What 3 bones make up the coxal bones?
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ilium
ischium pubis |
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What is the ala?
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wing of the ilium
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What coxal bone contains the iliac crest?
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ilium
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What coxal bone contains the anterior and posterior iliac spines?
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ilium
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What 2 bones make up the sacropelvic surface?
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iliac tuberosity
auricular surface |
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What coxal bone contains the sacropelvic surface?
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ilium
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What coxal bone contains the auricular surface?
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ilium
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What coxal bone contains the iliac tuberosity?
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ilium
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What coxal bone contains the greater sciatic notch?
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ilium
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What forms part of the acetabulum?
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body of ischium
superior pubic ramus |
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What coxal bone contains the ramus?
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ischium
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What coxal bone contains the ischial tuberosity?
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ischium
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What coxal bone contains the ischial spine?
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ischium
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What coxal bone contains the lesser sciatic notch?
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ischium
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What forms part of the obturator foramen?
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ischial ramus
inferior pubic ramus |
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What coxal bone contains the superior pubic ramus?
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pubis
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What coxal bone contains the inferior pubic ramus?
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pubis
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What coxal bone contains the pubic crest?
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pubis
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Where is the pubic crest located?
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anterior portion of body of pubis
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What coxal bone contains the pubic tubercle?
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pubis
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What coxal bone contains the pecten pubis?
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pubis
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What is the pectineal line of the pubis?
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pecten pubis
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What portions of the coxal bones are in the vertical (frontal) plane?
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anterior superior iliac spine
pubic tubercles |
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What bones of the pelvic girdle are in the same horizontal plane?
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coccyx
upper margin of pubic symphysis |
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What division of the pelvis is known as the false pelvis?
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greater pelvis
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What division of the pelvis is known as the true pelvis?
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lesser pelvis
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What part of the pelvis is superior to the pelvic inlet?
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greater pelvis
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What part of the pelvis is occupied by the abdominal viscera?
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greater pelvis
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What abdominal viscera does the greater pelvis contain?
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ileum
sigmoid colon |
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What part of the pelvis is between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet?
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lesser pelvis
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What part of the pelvis is part of the true pelvic cavity and perineum?
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lesser pelvis
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What part of the pelvis contains the obstetrical and gynecological organs?
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lesser pelvis
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What outlines the pelvic inlet?
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superior pelvic aperature
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What divides the greater and lesser pelves?
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pelvic inlet
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What forms the pubic arch?
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ischiopubic rami
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What are the ischiopubic rami?
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inferior pubic ramus
ischial ramus |
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What joins the inferior pubic ramus and ischial ramus?
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pubic symphysis
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What defines the subpubic angle?
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inferior borders of pubic arch
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What part of the pelvis differentiates males from females?
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subpubic angle
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What contains the urogenital triangles?
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pelvic outlet
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What is the pelvic outlet bounded by?
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pubic arch
ischial tuberosities inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament tip of coccyx |
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What is the pelvic outlet closed by?
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coccygeous muscles
levator ani muscles (AKA floor of pelvis) |
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What muscles form the floor of the pelvis?
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coccygeus muscles
levator ani muscles |
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What is the difference in the male and female lesser pelves?
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MALE: narrow and deep, tapering
FEMALE: wide and shallow, cylindrical |
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What are the 4 joints of the pelvic girdle?
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sacroiliac joint
pubic symphysis lumbosacral joint sacrococcygeal joint |
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What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
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synovial joint
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What joint connects the axial skeleton to the inferior appendicular skeleton?
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sacroiliac joint
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What joint of the pelvic girdle is strong and weight bearing?
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sacroiliac joint
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What joint connects the auricular surface of the sacrum and ilium?
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sacroiliac joint
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What covers the sacroiliac joint?
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articular cartilage
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Is the sacroiliac joint mobile?
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yes, it has a limited mobility
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What does the limited mobility of the sacroiliac joint allow for?
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distribution of weight
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How does the sacroiliac joint move?
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slight gliding and rotary movements
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What 4 ligaments connect the sacrum to the iliac bones?
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thin anterior sacroiliac ligaments
interosseus sacroiliac ligaments posterior sacroiliac ligaments sacrospinous ligament |
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What ligaments join with the posterior sacroiliac ligaments?
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sacrotuberous ligaments
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How do the posterior sacroiliac ligaments fun?
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obliquely superiorly and laterally
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What ligaments connect the ilium and sacrum/coccyx to the ischial tuberosity?
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sacrotuberous ligaments
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What ligaments form the greater sciatic foramen?
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sacrotuberous ligaments
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What ligament runs from the lateral sacrum/coccyx to the ischial spine?
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sacrospinous ligament
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What ligament subdivides the greater sciateic forament?
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sacrospinous ligament
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What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
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secondary cartilaginous joint
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What is the pubic symphysis?
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fibrocartilage interpubic disc
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What stabalizes the pubic symphysis?
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superior and inferior pubic ligaments
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What ligament connects the superior aspects of the pubic bodies to the pubic tubercles?
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superior pubic ligament
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What ligament connects the inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis to the subpubic angle?
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inferior pubic ligament
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What stabalizes and strengthens the pubic symphysis?
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tendinous attachments
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What are the tendinous attachments of the pubic symphysis?
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rectus abdominus
external oblique muscles |
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Where is the lumbosacral joint?
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L5-S1 (sacral body)
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What forms the lumbosacral joint?
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intervertebral disc
zygapophysial joints |
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Where are the intervertebral discs?
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between bodies of vertebrae
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Where are the zygapophysial joints?
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between articular processes
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What strengthens the lumbosacral joint?
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iliolumbar ligaments
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What is the cartilaginous joint between the coccyx and sacrum?
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sacrococcygeal joint
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What is the sacrococcygeal joint reinforced by?
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anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
posterior sacrococcygeal ligament lateral sacrococcygeal ligament |
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What cavities make up the pelvic cavity?
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thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity perineal cavity/perineum |
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What is the abdominal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that is part of the pelvic cavity?
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inferior border is pelvic inlet
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What is the pelvic portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that is part of the pelvic cavity?
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inferior boder is pelvic outlet
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What organs are located in the pelvic portion of the abdominopelvic cavity?
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ureters
urinary bladder rectum pelvic genital organs |
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What is the anteroinferior wall of the pelvic cavity?
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formed by bodies and rami of the pubic bones and pubic symphysis
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What are the lateral bounderies of the pelvic cavity?
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pelvic bones
obturator forament |
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Waht covers the obturator foramen?
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obturator membrane
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What muscle does the obturator forament contain?
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obturator internus muscle
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What is the origin of the obturator internus muscle?
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pelvic surfaces of the ilium and ischium
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What is the insertion poin of the obturator internus muscle?
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greater trochanter of femue
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What muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
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obturator internus muscle
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What fascia covers the obturator internus muscle?
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obturator fascia
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What is a tendinous arch that forms the attachment for the pelvic diaphragm?
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obturator internus muscle
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How do the obturator nerves pass in regards to the obturator internus muscle?
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medially
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How do branches of the internal iliac vessels pass in regards to the obturator internus muscle?
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medially
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What are the posterior boundaries of the pelvic cavity?
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anterior sacroiliac ligament
sacrospinous ligament sacrotuberous ligament |
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What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?
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pelvic portion of sacrum
superior margin of greater sciatic notch sacrotuberous ligament |
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What is the insertion of the piriformis muscle?
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greater trochanter of the femus
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What forms the floor of the pelvic cavity?
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pelvic floor
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What forms the pelvic floor?
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pelvic diaphragm
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What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
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coccygeous muscles
levator ani muscles (fascias) |
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What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?
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pelvic diaphragm
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What is the origin of the coccygeous muscle?
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ischial spine
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What is the insertion of the coccygeous muscle?
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inferior end of sacrum
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What ligament does the coccygeus muscle run deep to?
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sacrospinous ligament
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What are the 3 levator ani muscles?
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puborectalis
pubococcygeus iliococcygeus |
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Describe the puborectalis muscle.
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thicker, narrow, medial
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What muscle forms the puborectalis sling?
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puborectalis
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What is a perineal flexure that originates at one pubis and ends at the other?
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puborectalis sling
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What is the function of the puborectalis sling?
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contenance
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Describe the pubococcygeus muscle.
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wider, thinner, intermediate
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What is the attachment point of the pubococcygeus muscle?
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posterior aspect of the body of pubis
anterior tendinous arch |
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Where does the pubococcygeus muscle extend in relation to the anococcygeal body (or ligament)?
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horizontally
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What muscle comprises the posterolateral portion of the levator ani muscles?
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iliococcygeus muscle
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What is the origin of the iliococcygeus muscle?
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posterior tendinous arch
ischial spine |
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What is the insertion point of the iliococcygeus muscle?
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anococcygeal ligament
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What 4 muscles of the pelvic floor are located above the perineum?
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coccygeus muscle
puborectalis muscle pubococcygeus muscle iliococcygeus muscle |
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What forms a floor for the abdominopelvic viscera?
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pelvic floor
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What does tonical contraction of the pelvic floor do?
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maintains urinary and fecal continence
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What actively contracts when the intra-abdominal pressure increases?
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pelvic floor
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What causes the intra-abdominal pressure to increase?
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coughing
sneezing vomiting |
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What actively contracts the puborectalis muscle?
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pelvic floor
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What happens when the puborectalis muscle is actively contracted?
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maintains fecal continance during rectal filling and peristalsis
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What actively relaxes the levator ani muscles?
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pelvic floor
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What happens when the levator ani muscles are relaxed?
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allows for defecation and urination
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What descends along the anterior abdominal wall?
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periatal peritoneum
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What forms when the periatal peritoneum reflects onto the superior surface of the urinary bladder?
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supravesical fossa
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What forms when the periatal peritoneum covers the convex (superior) surface of teh bladder and slopes down the sides to ascend the lateral walls of the pelvis?
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paravesical fossa
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What descends along the posterior surface of the bladder in men?
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periatal peritoneum
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What forms when the periatal peritoneum reflects from the bladder to the body of the uterus?
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vesicouterine pouch
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What forms the fold over ureters (ureteric fold), ductus deferens, and superior seminal glands in men?
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periatal peritoneum
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What covers the body and fundus of the uterus and the posterior fornix of the vagina?
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periatal peritoneum
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What extends laterally from the uterus, forming a broad ligament that covers uterine tubes, ovaries, and round ligament of the uterus?
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periatal peritoneum
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What forms when the periatal peritoneum reflects from the bladder and seminal glands onto the rectum in men?
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rectovesical pouch
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What forms when the periatal peritoneum reflects from the vagina onto the rectum?
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rectouterine puch
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What forms when the rectovescial pouch/rectouterine pouch extends laterally and posterially?
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pararectal fossae
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What fills the rectovescial pouch/rectouterine pouch?
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peritoneal fluid
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What makes the rectovescial pouch/rectouterine pouch prone to infections/cancer?
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peritoneal fluid
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What are the 2 pelvic fascia?
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membranous pelvic fascia
endopelvic fascia |
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What are the 2 membranous pelvic fascia?
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parietal pelvic fascia
visceral pelvic fascia |
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What fascia lines the inner (deep or pelvic) aspects of the muscles that form the pelvic walls and floor?
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parietal pelvic fascia
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What fascia is continuous superiorly with the transversalis and iliopsoas fascia?
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parietal pelvic fascia
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What fascia is the membranous adventitial covering of the abdominopelvic organs?
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visceral pelvic fascia
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What fascia is continuous with the parietal fascia where the organs penetrate the pelvic floor?
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visceral pelvic fascia
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What fascia forms the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia?
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visceral pelvic fascia
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What is the bilateral band from the pubis to the sacrum?
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tendinous arch of pelvic fascia
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What ligaments make up the anterior portion of the visceral pelvic fascia?
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puboprostatic ligament (men)
pubovescal ligament (women) |
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What ligament connects the prostate to the pubis in men?
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puboprostatic ligament
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What ligament connects the fundus of the bladder to the pubis in women?
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pubovesical ligament
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What ligament forms the posterior portion of the visceral pelvic fascia?
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sacrogenital ligaments
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What ligament extends around the lateral aspects of the rectum to connect the prostate to the sacrum in men?
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sacrogenital ligaments
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What ligament extends around the lateral aspects of the rectum to connect the vagina to the sacrum in women?
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sacrogenital ligaments
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What pelvic fascia is composed of abundant connective tissue between parietal and visceral fascia?
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endopelvic fascia
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What pelvic fascia forms a connective tissue matrix that keeps pelvic viscera in place?
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endopelvic fascia
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What pelvic fascia allows expansion of urinary bladder and rectal ampulla?
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endopelvic fascia
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What are pelvic "ligaments" with a fibrous consistency, and collagen and elastic fibers?
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fascial condensations
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Which pelvic fascia has fascial condensations?
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endopelvic fascia
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What comprises the anterior portion of the hypogastric sheath?
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lateral ligament of the bladder
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What is the function of the lateral ligament of the bladder?
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to keep the bladder in place
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What ligament contains the superior visical artery and veins?
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lateral ligament of the bladder
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What comprises the middle portion of the hypogastric sheath?
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rectovesical septum (males)
transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament (females) |
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Where is the rectovesical septum in males?
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between the posterior surface of the bladder and prostate
rectum |
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What is the function of the transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament in females?
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provides main support for uterus
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What comprises the posterior portion of the hypogastric sheath?
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lateral rectal ligaments
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What ligaments connect the rectum to the parietal pelvic fascia?
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lateral rectal ligaments
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What ligaments contain middle rectal arteries and rectal nerve plexi?
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lateral rectal ligaments
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What are the 2 main types of pelvic nerves?
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sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves
sacral plexus |
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What do the pelvic nerves do?
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innervate legs
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Where is the sciatic nerve?
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L4-S3
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What is the largest nerve in the body?
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sciatic nerve
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What nerve passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis?
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sciatic nerve
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What nerve enters the gluteal region and descends posterior to the thigh?
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sciatic nerve
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What nerve supplies the lower aspect of the lower limbs?
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sciatic nerve
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Where is the pudendal nerve?
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S2-S4
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What is the main nerve of the perineum?
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pudendal nerve
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What is the sensory nerve of the genitalia?
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pudendal nerve
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What nerve exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (between piriformis and coccygeus muscles)?
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pudendal nerve
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What nerve supplies the skin and muscles of perineum?
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pudendal nerve
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Where is the superior gluteal nerve?
|
L4-S1
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What nerve supplies the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata?
|
superior gluteal nerve
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Where is the inferior gluteal nerve?
|
L5-S2
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What nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?
|
inferior gluteal nerve
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What 4 nerves make up the sacral plexus?
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sciatic nerve
pudendal nerve superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve |
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Where is the obturator nerve?
|
L2-L4
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Does the obturator nerve supply the pelvic area?
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NO
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What nerve supplies the medial thigh?
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obturator nerve
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What nerve runs in the extraperitoneal fat along the lateral wall of the pelvis?
|
obturator nerve
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What nerve passes through the obturator canal?
|
obturator nerve
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Where is the coccygeal plexus?
|
S4-S5
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What are the 2 nerves that make up the coccygeal plexus?
|
coccygeal nerves
anococcygeal nerves |
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What nerves supply the coccygeus, levator ani, and sacrococcygeal joint?
|
coccygeal nerves
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What nerves supply a small area of skin between teh coccygeal tip and the anus?
|
anococcygeal nerves
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What are vasomotor nerves responsible for?
|
blood vessels
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What are pilomotor nerves responsible for?
|
making hair stand up
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What are sudomotor nerves responsible for?
|
sweat
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What 4 nerves are pelvic AUTONOMIC nerves?
|
sacral sympathetic trunks
periarterial plexuses hypogastric plexuses pelvic splanchnic nerves |
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What nerves are the inferior continuation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk?
|
sacral sympathetic trunks
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What nerves are postsynaptic fibers to the sacral plexus?
|
sacral sympathetic trunks
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What nerves are responsible for the vasomotor, pilomotor, and sudomotor innervation of the lower limbs?
|
sacral sympathetic trunks
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What nerves are responsible for vasomotion of the arteries?
|
periarterial plexus
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What 2 nerve plexi make up the hypogastric plexuses?
|
superior hyporgastric plexus
inferior hypogastric plexus |
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Why type of nerves comprise the superior hypogastric plexus?
|
sympathetic
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What type of nerves comprise the inferior hypogastric plexus?
|
mixed sympathetic and parasympathetic
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What nerves are a continuation of the inferior mesenteric plexus?
|
superior hypogastric plexus
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What nerves give rise to the right and left hypogastric nerves?
|
superior hypogastric plexus
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What nerves innervate the rectum and bladder?
|
inferior hypogastric plexus
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What nerves innervate the prostate and seminal glands?
|
inferior hypogastric plexus
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What nerves innervate the cervix of the uterus and the vagina?
|
inferior hypogastric plexus
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Where are the pelvic splanchnic nerves?
|
S2-S4
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What nerves inhibit the peristaltic contraction of the rectum?
|
sympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
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What nerves stimulate contraction of the internal genital organs (ejaculation)?
|
sympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
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What nerves contract the rectum and bladder for defecation and urination?
|
parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
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What nerves stimulate erection in erectile tissues?
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parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves
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What type of nerves travel retrograde with sympathetic motor fibers?
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visceral afferent nerves
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What are the 13 pelvic arteries?
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internal iliac artery
umbilical artery obturator artery inferior vesical artery middle rectal artery vaginal artery uterine artery internal pudendal artery inferior gluteal artery posterior division of the internal iliac artery ovarian artery median sacral artery superior rectal artery |
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What is the principal artery supplying the pelvis?
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internal iliac artery
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What artery is a branch of the common iliac artery?
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internal iliac artery
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What divisions does the internal iliac artery divide into?
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anterior and posterior divisions
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What artery supplies the sacrum and the area around the sacrum?
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posterior internal iliac artery
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What artery supplies the pelvic viscera, primarily the bladder, rectum and reproductive organs?
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anterior internal iliac artery
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What artery may supply the buttock and thigh?
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anterior internal iliac artery
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What artery carries nutrient-poor, deoxyginated blood to the placenta?
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umbilical artery
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What does the distal portion of the umbilical artery become?
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medial umbilical ligaments
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What does the open patent proximal portion of the umbilical artery give rise to?
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superior vescial artery
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What artery supplies the fundus of the urinary bladder?
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superior vesical artery
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What artery supplies the ductus deferens?
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superior vesical artery
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What arteries are a branch of the internal iliac artery?
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obturator artery
uterine artery |
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What artery gives off muscular branches and a nutrient artery to the ilium?
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obturator artery
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What artery gives rise to the pubic branch?
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obturator artery
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What does the pubic branch of the obturator artery anastomose with?
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pubic branch of external iliac artery
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What artery exits the pelvis via the obturator canal?
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obturator artery
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What artery supplies the muscle of the medial thigh?
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obturator artery
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What artery supplies the fundus of the urinary bladder, seminal glands, prostate, fundus of the bladder, and inferior portions of the ureters?
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inferior vesical artery
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What artery supplies the inferior part of the rectum?
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middle rectal artery
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What artery anastomoses with the superior and inferior rectal artery?
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middle rectal artery
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What arteries supply the seminal glands and prostate?
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superior and inferior rectal artery
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What aretery is a branch of the uterine artery?
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vaginal artery
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What artery supplies the anterior and posterior surfaces of the vagina, posterior inferior urinary bladder, and pelvic urethra?
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vaginal artery
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What does the uterine artery divide into?
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descending vaginal branch
ascending branch |
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What artery bifurcates into the ovarian and tubal branches?
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ascending branch of uterine artery
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In men, what is analogous to the vaginal artery?
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inferior vesical artery
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In men, was is analogous to the uterine artery?
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artery of ductus deferens
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What artery gives off muscular branches and a nutrient artery to the ilium?
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obturator artery
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What artery gives rise to the pubic branch?
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obturator artery
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What does the pubic branch of the obturator artery anastomose with?
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pubic branch of external iliac artery
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What artery exits the pelvis via the obturator canal?
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obturator artery
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What artery supplies the muscle of the medial thigh?
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obturator artery
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What artery supplies the fundus of the urinary bladder, seminal glands, prostate, fundus of the bladder, and inferior portions of the ureters?
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inferior vesical artery
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What artery supplies the inferior part of the rectum?
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middle rectal artery
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What artery anastomoses with the superior and inferior rectal artery?
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middle rectal artery
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What arteries supply the seminal glands and prostate?
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superior and inferior rectal artery
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What aretery is a branch of the uterine artery?
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vaginal artery
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What artery supplies the anterior and posterior surfaces of the vagina, posterior inferior urinary bladder, and pelvic urethra?
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vaginal artery
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What does the uterine artery divide into?
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descending vaginal branch
ascending branch |
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What artery bifurcates into the ovarian and tubal branches?
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ascending branch of uterine artery
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In men, what is analogous to the vaginal artery?
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inferior vesical artery
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In men, was is analogous to the uterine artery?
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artery of ductus deferens
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What artery passes through the inferior portion of the greater sciatic foramen?
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internal pudendal artery
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What artery passes around the posterior aspect of the ischeal spine?
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internal pudendal artery
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What artery enters the ischioanal fossa through the lesser sciatic foramen?
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internal pudendal artery
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What artery gives rise to the deep and dorsal artery of penis or clitoris?
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internal pudendal artery
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What artery supplies the muscles and skin of the buttocks and posterior thigh?
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inferior gluteal artery
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What are the 3 posterior divisions of the internal iliac artery?
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superior gluteal artery
iliolumbar artery lateral sacral artery |
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What artery runs between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve?
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superior gluteal artery
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What artery exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen (above piriformis)?
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superior gluteal artery
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What artery supplies the buttocks?
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superior gluteal artery
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What artery passes medially in front of the sacral plexus?
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lateral sacral artery
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What artey gives rise to spinal branches?
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lateral sacral artery
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What artery supplies the spinal meninges and roots of sacral nerves?
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lateral sacral artery
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What artery supplies the muscles and skin over the sacrum?
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lateral sacral artery
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What artery runs superolaterally to the iliac fossa?
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iliolumbar artery
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What does the iliolumbar artery divide into?
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iliac branch
lumbar branch |
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What artery supplies the iliacus muscle and ilium?
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iliac branch of iliolumbar artery
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What artery supplies the psoas major and quadratus lumborum?
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lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
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What artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta that crosses the proximal end of the external iliac artery?
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ovarian artery
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What artery reaches the ovary via the suspensory ligament of ovary?
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ovarian artery
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What is an unpaired artery that extendes from the abdominal aorta proximal to bifurcaion?
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median sacral artery
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What artery supplies the posterior portion of the rectum?
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median sacral artery
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What artery ends at the coccygeal body?
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median sacral artery
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What artery is a continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery?
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superior rectal artery
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What are the 7 pelvic veins?
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pelvic venous plexus
internal iliac veins median sacral vein superior rectal vein common iliac veins iliolumbar veins superior gluteal veins |
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How do the pelvic veins run in regards to the pelvic arteries?
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pelvic veins parrallel the pelvic arterial supply
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