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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Major difference between elitism and pluralism?
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Elite's believe that there is a select few that hold power
Puralists believe that multiple competing groups hold/influence where the power goes |
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What is an intrest group?
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an organized group of ppl that make policy related appeals to the government
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What is the difference between Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy?
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Autocracy - Single individual rule
Oligarchy - (elite theory) small group rules (military, landowners, wealthy) Democracy - (pluralism) People rule by selection of government officials |
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What is the difference between Representative Democracy and Direct Democracy?
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Rep - A select few are voted into a power position to represent the public in the gov.
Direct - A majority vote by all is needed to make a decision |
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What is the difference between Initiative, Referendums and Recall elections?
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Initiatives - a petition signed by voters which can place a proposal on the STATE ballot
Referendums - where the electorate must approve decision of the legislature before becoming part of the STATE CONSTITUTION Recall Elections - a recall election put into play by petition to oust an incumbent |
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What are the problems with public opinion polls?
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The sample that the polls are taken from often dont give a fair representation of the full public opinion
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What are the key elite and pluralist arguments?
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Elites - anti-democratic, unequal access (money is all deciding factor)
Pluralists - pressure groups give useful functions (info givers, policy formulators) |
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What was Aristotles roles in developing our constitution?
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He was the first figure to make a distinction between law and constitutional law
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What is the difference between monarchies, aristocracies and democracies?
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Monarchies - rule by 1
Aristocracies - rule by few Democracy - rule by many |
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What did the Magna Carta do?
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1215 established "Habeas corpus" -There must be some sort of due process of law
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What did the 1st and 2nd continental congresses do?
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1st (1774) - Boycotted british trade and formed an army
2nd (1775) - Established national army under George Washington |
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What were the Articles of Confederation and what were some problems?
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The articles developed some primary standards for the country like declare war, coin money, send/recieve ambassadors.
The problem is that it left too much power to the states |
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Why was Shays rebellion important?
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A rebelion over federal taxes and debts which helped show how there needed to be more central power
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What are the differences between the Virginia plan, New Jersey plan and the
Connecticut compromise? |
Virginia plan - a creation of a new national gov. consisting of a bicameral system
New Jersey plan - Favors small states, giving equal representation (each state 1 vote) Connecticut Compromise - a joint between the virginia and NJ plan having a senate (2 mem each state) and rep house (based on pop) |
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What was the 3/5 compromise?
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That the southern slaves would count as 3/5th's of a person for both taxation and representation
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What was the debate between the Federalist and Anti-Federalist about?
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Federalists support the constitution and published federalist papers
Anti-Federalists opposed a strong central gov, and argued that the constitution needed a Bill of Rights. |
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Which branches of government were popularly elected?
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The house of representatives and the Senate
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Which nation has the oldest written constitution?
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United fucking states of AMerica
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What was the voter qualification compromise?
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Owning property was a huge key in voting and was ruled that ownership of land was not necessary to vote.
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What is Judicial Review?
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Reviewing the constitution to make a decision on subjects, that give a final say on the constitution
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What is the difference between Federal, Unitary, and Confederal governmental
systems? |
Federal - Divided powers in the central gov, regional, and subdivisional
Unitary System - All powers are left to the national gov. subnational groups created by central gov Confederate - The National gov exists and operates only at the direction of the subdivisional govs |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of federalism?
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Advantages - Dispersion of power, keeps gov closer, state/local offices can experiment with policy
Disadvantages - Problems w/ coordiation amung lvls of gov, Lack in uniformity of laws across states |
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What is Devolution?
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Bringing power back to the states (clinton liked devolution)
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What are Federal mandates?
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a requirement in federal legislation that applies certain rules
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What are the powers delegated to the federal government?, And what powers are
prohibited? |
Delegated - Expressed powers (written in constitution), Necessary and proper clause - implied powers established by McCulloch v. Maryland
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What are the powers delegated to the state government? And what powers are
prohibited? |
Reserved Powers - Powers reserved for states, regulated intrastate commerce
Powers Prohibited - No entering treaties w/ other countries, coin money, grant title of nobility |
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What are concurrent powers?
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Shared powers bet. State and National gov, taxation, borrow $$, charter banks
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What is the supremacy clause?
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States cannot use powers/concurrent powers to counter national
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Why was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) important?
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It gave the national government the power to used the Necessary and proper clause
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Why was Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) important?
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The Commerce CLause - Congress has the power to regulate trade amungst states
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What is the difference between dual federalism, cooperative federalism, new
federalism, and competitive federalism? |
Dual - National and State gov are more or less equals
Cooperative - National and State gov should work togeather to solve problems New - Involves returning certian powers back to the states Competitive - State and local gov compete for businesses and and citizens (offer tax breaks) |
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What case helped to impliment the Gun-free school zones act?
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US v. Lopez 1995
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What case helped to impliment the Violence against womens act
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US v. Morrison 2000
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What is fiscal federalism?
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A system of transfer payments or grants from the national gov to state/local in order to help inforce national rules and standards
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What is the difference between civil liberties and civil rights?
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Civil Liberties - are limitations on gov action specifiying what the gov cannot do to you
Civil Rights - What the gov must do to ensure equal protection under the law of all Americans |
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What is the difference between Writ of habeas corpus, bills of attainder, and
ex post facto laws |
Writ of Habeas Corpus - An order requireing an official to bring a prisoner into court and explain to a judge why the prisoner is being held (due process of law)
Bills of Attainder - Legislative acts that directly punish a specifically named individual or group without a trail (azn americans WW2) Prohibition of ex post facto laws - Laws punishing an individual for committing an act that was legal when it was committed but has since become a crime |
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What did Barron v. Baltimore (1833) do?
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It allowed the Bill of Rights to be applied not only to the national gov. but also the state gov.
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What did Gitlow v. New York (1925) do?
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The start of the use of the Due Process Law (passed in 1868 - 14th amendment)
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What is the incorporation doctrine?
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The process of applying the Bill of Rights to the States
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What is the difference between the Establishment clause and the Free exercise
clause? |
Establishment - mandates that gov can neither promote nor discriminate agains religous beliefs
Free Exercise Clause - No type of religious practice can be prohibited or restricted by the gov. |
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What is prohibited by the free exercise clause?
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anything legal defined by national and state law
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What is the constitutional status of pray in schools?
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No prayer in PUBLIC schools
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Issues surrounding the Evolution versus creationism (intelligent design) debate
The Documentary Friends of God. |
Evolution - Darwinism, evolution largely reflecst the combined action of random mutation and natural selection
Intelligent Design - God's creation |
