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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is MIS?
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planning for, developing, managing, and using IT tools to help people perform their work effectively and efficiently.
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What is IT?
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computer-based TOOLS that people use to work more efficiently and effectively with information
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information age is...
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a time where KNOWLEDGE is power
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the three key organizational resources in MIS
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1. information
2. people 3. technology |
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data, information, business intelligence
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data-raw facts
info-raw facts with meaning business intel-raw facts with meaning that are important for running a business. |
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business intelligence areas
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knowledge about your competitors, your internal and external operations, suppliers, etc.
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the two dimensions of information
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personal and organizational
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personal dimension of info
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the time(ability to get info when u need it), location(place to find it), and form(usability) of the info.
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orginizational dimension of info
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what the info describes, the granularity and the flow of the information.
how the info is gathered in relation to what it describes... |
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information flows in an organization
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up/down - transcends levels of management and employees
going up would be...current state going down would be...directives or goals horizontal-transcends departments ex:info from hr to manager of sales inward/outward-to/from suppliers, govt, customers, etc. |
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information granularity
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the extend of detail of the information
how in detail it is higher management receives low granular info, they just need to need the meat and potatoes low management must look at every detail and therefore they deal with high granular info |
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what information can describe(4)
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internal info-operational aspects of organization
external info-environment surrounding organization objective info- regarding something known subjective info- regarding something unknown |
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technology-literate worker
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knows how and when to apply technology.
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information-literate worker
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sorts through info to determine which is needed, understands info and makes decisions based upon it.
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hardware
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input devices(keyboard/mouse)
output devices(monitor/printer) storage device(cd rom drive, flash drive) telecommunications device(modem, router, server) connecting device(the port and cables) CPU and RAM(brains and memory of computer) |
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software
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application software-solves specific problems, performs specific tasks
and system software- handles technology management tasks and coordinates all hardware |
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two types of system software defined...
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OS software- controls application software, manages hardware devices
utility software- additional functionality to your operating system (e.g., anti-virus software) |
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ubitiquous computing
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a concept of technology support to our lives at anytime, anywhere, and with complete access to info.
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first way made possible : decentralized computing
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Distributes computing power within the organization to knowledge workers
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2nd way made possible: shared information
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Stores information in one or more central locations; allows anyone access to needed information
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mobile computing
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wireless technology to connect to needed resources and information
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IT Business Vision
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to help company obtain competitive advantage gained through bettering knowledge, efficiency, blah blah blah
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top line of things in business
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how to make more customers, how to increase sales
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bottom line of things in business
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how to cut costs and expenditures that undermine explansion
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database
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stores tremendous detail on every transaction or event enterred
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DBMS(database management software)
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the bridge between databases and their users
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OLTP(online transaction processing
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gathers and processes info, often from transactions and stores all of it
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OLAP(online analytical processing)
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manipulates stored information to help smooth and support decision making
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EIS(executive information system)
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a system used by execs and higher ups to drill down through tons of info and find problems, etc.
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Collaboration System
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improves entire team performance by sharing and flow of information
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Artificial Intelligence
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the art and science of imitating human thought processes
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Chapter 2
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blank
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Porter's 5 forces model
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helps determine the relative attractiveness of an industry and includes
Buyer power Supplier power Threat of substitute products and services Threat of new entrants Rivalry among existing competitors |
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Buyer power
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high when buyers have high choice in product/service
(businesses want lower buyer power) thats why they have loyalty programs |
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Supplier power
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the opposite of buyer power
high when suppliers have high choice in who to sell to business want low supplier power when they are buying supplies. |
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the buyer and supplier power reationship
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for a company-
when purchasing supplies... you want supplier power to be low(they have little choice) and the buyer power to be high(you want to have a lot of choice) when selling to customers you want supplier power to be high(you can sell to anyone) and buyer power to be low(customers dont have much choice) |
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threat of substitute products
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high when there are many alternatives; low when there are few
businesses make accounts with thier customers and introduce fee structures and contracts to keep their customers...so its expensive for a customer to switch and not only expensive, difficult or time consuming |
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threat of new entrants
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if an industry is easy to access, there will be more competition and market share will be more divided.
therefore technology usually creates barriers. if u want to be a bank u have to have atms, online banking, offer cds, all that. |
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rivalry among existing competitors
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high in grocery business...
self explanatory |
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IT can help by
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reducing or increasing entry barriers, or the buyer/supplier power relationship
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value chain
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the view of the organization as a serious of business processes-set of activities that complete a specific task
viewed to see which add or decrease value in the business |
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processes that add value
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manufacturing quality, quality materials
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primary value processes in value chain
support value processes in value chain |
1.creates, delivers, markets, and sells products and services
2. support primary processes |
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processes that decrease value
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the cost of the sale of product
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Supply Chain Management
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– tracks inventory and information among processes and across companies
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JIT(just in time method)
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the timing of delivery just in time for use, reduces warehouse costs
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inter-modal transportation
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uses various transporation methods.
big ships, to a plane, to a small truck. |
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CRM system(customer relationship management system)
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uses information about customers to gain insight in order to serve them better
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Front office systems
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primary interface of company to its cusotmers, sales and shipping
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back office systems
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fulfill and support customer orders
also, does the accounting, etc.finance dept, etc. |
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Data warehouse
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a collection of data from multiple operational databases
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Data mart
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focused portion of data warehouse...therefore this would be a selection of data from multiple databases in one warehouse-kinda like a cross section
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E-collaboration
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the use of technology tools to support:
Work activities Knowledge management Social networking Learning Virtual team – a team whose members are located in varied geographical locations |
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digital dashboard
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a computer display that displays groups of information catered to that individuals wants or needs
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Knowledge management (KM) system
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supports capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge (know-how)
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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
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software for business management, supporting
Planning and manufacturing Sales and marketing Distribution and accounting Finance, HR, and project management |
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relationship of business intelligence and e-collaboration and the provision of goods and services
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once BI is obtained, it can be collaborated through technology where it can mold the sales of products and services...through both SCM and CRM
CRM tells SCM what customers want and need. SCM in turn gives the company the ability to provide that requested. |
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Social network system
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links you to people you know, and from there, people they know
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Workflow system
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– facilitates automation of business processes
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E-learning tools
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IT systems that facilitate learning (e.g., Blackboard)
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Business Intelligence
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the knowledge of one's business. their internal and external environment, incl govt actions and competition. also the understanding of customers
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OLTP(online transaction processing)
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gathers and processes transaction info and updates existing info based on transaction.
databases support OLTP!!!!! |
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online analytical processing-OLAP
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manipulates info to support decision making.
data warehouses support this!!! |
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database
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collection of info you organize and access according to the logical structure of info.
all info is logically tied and structured in collection. |
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relational database
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a series of two-dimensinal tables or files to store information
its a comparing database |
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data dictionary
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contains the logical structure of the info in a database
explains things in database |
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primary key
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the primary field that uniquely describes each data. each table would be based on its own thing.
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foreign key
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the primary field of another table inserted into current one. help create relationships among tables
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integrity contraint
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rules that help ensure quality of info
ex: sales prices cannot be negative phone numbers must have an area code primary keys must be unique |
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DBMS-database management system
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helps you specify the logical organization for a database and access and use the info of a database
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DBMS
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its what you would use when dealing with a database
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5 software components of a database
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1.dbms engine-(the brains of everything)...seperates logical from the physical view of info
2.data definition subsystem-helps you crate and maintain data dictionary, defines logical structures of tables 3.data manipulation subsystem-helps you edit and delete info 4.application generation subsystem-contains tools to help you develop transaction intensive applications 5.data administration subsystem-provides tools for security and recovery, etc. admin tools |
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physical view
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how info is arranged and stored
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logical view
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how you arrange and access of info
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QBE and SQL tools
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query by example and structured query language
QBE-helps you graphically design the answer to a ? SQL-does same as QBE but uses sentence structure |
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data warehouse
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data mining tools are the tools used to work with data warehouses.
support olap unlike databases |
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def of data warehouse
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a logical collection of info gathered from operational databases used to create business intelligence.
it is multidimensional |
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data mining tools
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software tools that u use to query info in a data warehouse, supports concept of OLAP
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query and reporting tools
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generate simple queries and reports
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multi-dimensional analysis tools
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allows user to slice and dice through info and view multidimensional info from different perspectives
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data mart
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this is a cross section of a data warehouse
data warehouses are organization wide, data marts are subsets of this data |
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info ownership
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the rights to create, read, delete and update information. if you own that you are responsible for its quality
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information cleanliness
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there must be no errors or duplication in information
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ETL-extraction, transformation, and loading
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a process that allows user to specify only what info is to be extracted for viewing/editing. ensures cleanliness
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4 phases of decision making
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intelligence-recognizing the problem
design- make a plan choice- choose a plan implementation-carring out the solution this is not a linear system...if a new problem arises you must go back to prior step and depending on the problem depends on the step |
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satisficing
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the process of making a choice that meets your needs, a choice that is satisfactory
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4 types of decisions you face
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structured vs nonstructured decisions- some problems are always solved with the same steps everytime, a decision is reached the same way. where sometimes, it isnt and the decision relies on the perception of best choice. calculating gpa vs which house to buy. rules vs feelings
recurring decisions-one that happens repeatedly, what to eat or calculating pay for hrly employees nonrecurring decisions-one you have infrequently, buying a house or a merger |
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computer aided decision support system
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is a system used to help you analyze info and find out business intelligence and make good decisions
there is decision support and AI |
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DSS decision support system
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helps user analyze but you must know how to solve problem. designed to support decision making when problem is not structured.
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AI
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designed to support decision making when problem is more or completely structured!
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3 components of a DSS
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model management component-allows you to manage models
data management component-allows you to store and maintain info u want dss to be based off of user interface component-allows you to communicate |
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GIS
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geographical information system
-a dss designed specifically to analyze spatial information, or info in map form |
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AI
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the science of making machines imitate human thought
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70% of fortune 500 companies use AI
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BAM!
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4 types of ai used in business
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1. expert systems
2. neural networks 3.genetic algorithms 4.intelligent agents |
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expert systems
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applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion
programmed by an expert to follow a train of thought to find conclusion example: in determining problems in windows or with car, there is a schematic for narrowing down that problem |
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neural networks
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an ai system that is capable of finding and differentiating patterns in a set of information.
these things take part in massive parallel processing of differing events. COPE WITH HUGE VOLUME OF INFO ANALYZE NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIPS among info |
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fuzzy logic
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a mathematical method of handling imprecise information
this takes imprecise imputs and weighs them to give a precise outcome example: washer machine...you select a vary broud thing, machine determines how long to spin for,etc. same with google's search...u input a few words, google finds the best match of those words |
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genetic algorithms
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An AI system that mimics the evolutionary process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.
the system SELECTS good outcomes and CROSSES OVER portions of good outcomes to create better outcomes and MUTATES in final right answer by trying random combinations. never stops until right and therefore greate with indefinate # of possibilities |
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intelligent agents
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software thats assists you or acts on your behalf
user agent...prioritizes email, acts as a gaming partner, assemple customized information, fills out forms automatically, remembers ur passwords to various sites. junk email folder or information agent...such as a shopping bot-helps you find similiar products on amazon |
