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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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/p/
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Voiceless bilabial stop
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/b/
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Voiced bilabial stop
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/t/
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Voiceless alveolar stop
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/d/
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Voiced alveolar stop
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/k/
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Voiceless velar stop
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/g/
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Voiced velar stop
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/f/
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Voiceless labiodental fricative
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/v/
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Voiced labiodental fricative
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/θ/
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Voiceless interdental fricative
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/ð/
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Voiced interdental fricative
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/s/
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Voiceless alveolar fricative
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/z/
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Voiced alveolar fricative
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/ʃ/
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Voiceless palatal fricative
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/ʒ/
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Voiced palatal fricative
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/tʃ/
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voiceless palatal affricate
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/dʒ/
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Voiced palatal affricate
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/h/
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Voiceless glottal fricative
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/m/
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Voiced bilabial nasal
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/n/
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Voiced alveolar nasal
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/ŋ/
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Voiced velar nasal
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/l/
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voiced alveolar liquid (lateral)
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/r/
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voiced alveolar liquid (bunched)
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/w/
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voiced bilabial glide
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/ʍ/
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voiceless bilabial glide
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/j/
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voiced palatal glide
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What are the front vowels?
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/i/, /I/, /e/, /ɛ/, /æ/, /a/
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What are the central vowels?
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/ʌ/, /ə/, /ɝ/, /ɚ/
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What are the back vowels?
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/u/, /ʊ/, /o/, /ɔ/, /ɑ/
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/i/
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high front tense
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/I/
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high front lax
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/e/
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mid front tense
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/ɛ/
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mid front lax
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/æ/
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low front lax
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/ə/
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mid central tense
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/ʌ/
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mid central lax
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What do the signs ɝ and ɚ represent?
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A rhotacized (or R-colored) vowel
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/u/
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High back tense
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/ʊ/
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High back lax
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/o/
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mid back tense
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/ɔ/
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mid back lax
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/ɑ/
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low back lax
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Name the diphthongs
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aɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ
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Variations of a sound that are phonetically distinct, but that native speakers of the language typically hear as the "same sound" (like an aspirated and non-aspirated 'p')
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allophones
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A pair of words differentiated by ONLY one feature of one sound,m which proves that the feature in question is phonemic in that language.
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minimal pair
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In many dialects of Enlighs, /t/ will become either an alveolar ______ or tap, or a glottal ______.
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Flap, stop
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The way I say the "tt" in "bottle" is an example of ________. Saying the word in a Cockney accent would produce a ____________ _______.
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Alveolar flap; glottal stop
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What phenomenon explains why we say INsufficient but IMpractical?
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Assimilation
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The process through which sounds come to be omitted from words; ex. laboratory
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Deletion
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The process in which sounds are added to words; ex. length (leŋθ vs. leŋkθ)
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Insertion
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The process of sounds reversing their order
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Metathesis
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The parameters for what sounds can appear in onsets and codas in a particular language.
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Phonetic constraints
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What is the most common syllable type?
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CV
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Images of the shape of sound waves are called...
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Spectrograms
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What are used to describe the resonances in the vocal tract?
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Formants
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The rate of repetition or vibration of the vocal cords, and, therefore, the air pressure.
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Pitch
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Refers to differences in pitch that can change the meaning of a sentence
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Intonation
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A set of sounds that can be described by their shared features in such a way as to include all these sounds and exclude all other sounds
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Natural class
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The study of the sound system of any given language: the organization of a language sounds and their relationship to one another
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Phonology
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The study of sounds, how they are produced and received
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Phonetics
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