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86 Cards in this Set
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Classification Phylum Porifera Class Archaeocyatha About Cambrian(abundant in early Cambrian) Inner and outer walls form a ring, divided by septa Base of the sponge attached to a hard substrate with a holdfast Were first multicellular organisms to build reegs |
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Classification Phylum Porifera Class Hexactinellida About Cambrian to Recent Called "glass sponges" Colorless and have a plaid pattern |
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Classification Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea About Cambrian to recent only found in marine only have calcite spicules can resemble Demospongia, but can be differentiated by effervescing with acid |
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Classification Phylum Porifera Class Demospongia About Pre-Cambrian to recent most diverse sponge(~80%of all sponge species today) Made of spogin &/or silica spicules Doesn't fossilize well, so isn't very common in fossil record |
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Classification Phylum Porifera Class Stromatopoids About Cambrian to Neogene Calcareous Resemble stromatolites, but have vertical pillars between laminae imporant reef builders in Devonian |
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Classification Genus Receptaculitids About Ordovician to Devonian The zoological affinities for receptaculids are currently uncertain. Recepeptaculitids is a genus name. Some consider them sponges, but more are considering them calcareous algae Their skeletons range from globular to discoidal forms were probably attached to substrate by a fleshy stalk |
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Classification Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Subclass Zoantharia Order Scleractinia About Mid-Triassic to recent Reef Builder Scelartinia coral have a radial septa pattern during growth Their septa usually grow in multiples of 6 Their septa are exsert and extend above the rim of the corallite These septa make ridges called costae, along the epitheca as they grow
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Classification Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Subclass Zoantharia Order Rugosa About Ordovician to Permian Can be solitary or cononial Septa grew in distinct quadrants They exclusively lived in warm water Not reef builders Several different colonial growth forms |
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Scleractinia vs. Rugosa Rugose corals do not have exsert septa or costae like Scleractinian corals Rugosa septa grew in quadrants, while Scleractinian septa grows in multiples of 6. |
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Classification Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Subclass Zoantharia Order Tabulata Suborder Favositina About Mid-Ordovician to Permian Ceroid corallum(Polygonal to subcircular corralites) Individual corallites connected via mural pores in the walls of corallite |
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Classification Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Subclass Zoantharia Order Tabulata Suborder Aulaporina About Mid-Ordovician to Permian Each Corallite is a distinct tube in a branching corallum Reptant growth form |
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Classification Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa Subclass Zoantharia Order Tabulata Suborder Halysitina About Mid-Ordovicain to Late Silurian Corallites are elliptical cylinders and join in chains with no mural pores Cateniform growth form |
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Classification Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthonzoa Subclass Zoantharia Order Tabulata Suborder Syringoporina About Mid-Ordovician to Permian Fasciculate corallum with roughly cylindrical corallites joined together by tubes Occur in warm, shallow warms but not reef builders |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Polyplacophora About Cambrian to recent Marine animals Commonly called chitons Live in rocky intertidal areas They have 8 calcareous plates on top of the girdle (Girdle is thick mantle tissue covered by a thing cuticle, sometimes embedded with calcite spicules) Graze on algae using their radula |
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Class Gastropoda |
Cambrian to recent Environmentally widespread range of feeding habits Their foot drags them along or lets them burrow Many have an inhalant siphon they use to take in water( it extends through the siphonal canal) |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropod Caenogastropods About Cambrian to recent Have an inhalant siphon that is usually apparent by a siphonal canal |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropod Archaeogastropods About Cambrian to recent Lack an inhalant siphon and a siphonal canal, but compensate by having holes or slits in the shell for exhalent current Their slit can create a band on the growth lines of the shell called a selenizone |
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Limpets Archaeogastropods |
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Class Bivalvia |
Cambrian to recent marine and freshwater different epifaunal and infaunal lifestyles filter feeds made up of a left & right calcareous valve Bilaterally symmetrical between the valves |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Burrower About use their foot and open & close their shell to dig deeper into sediment Enlarged pallial sinur and adductor muscles Potentially gaped shell for larger siphon |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Byssally attached About attach to hard surfaces by organic threads(byssal threads), like mussels Reduced foot and Pallial sinus Better developed teeth and thicker shell for defense |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Rudists About Conical right valve with a small lid-like left valve Asymmetrical, Reef builders |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Borer About bore into rock, wood, or shells either mechanically or by secreting acid chemical that dissolves calcium carbonate |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Cementers About Secrete hard bonding agent to attach to surfaces or other organisms, like oysters Asymmetrical Scar on the shell where they attached |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Epifaunal free-lying About Sit on the sediment with no attachment Asymmetrical, thick, heavily curved bottom valve, with much smaller top valve Single adductor muscle. and reduced to no teeth "Devils Toe" |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Swimmers About Scallops are a type of epifaunal free-lying bivalve with the ability to quickly shut both valves to squirt out water to propel themselves in short bursts symmetrical through the valves(like Brachs) |
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Class Cephalopda |
Coiled Shells -Evolute: each coil is visible -Involute: Only the last coil is visible, the rest are tucked within the shell. Some groups are partly involute Cone Shells -Orthoconic: Completely straight cone -Cyrtoconic: Curved Cone |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Naulitoidea Order Endoceratida About Ordovician to Silurian Orthocone or cyrtoocone with large siphuncle Has endosiphuncular deposits In cross-section, deposits make a "cone-in-cone" structure, called endocones |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Naulitoidea Order Actinoceratida About Ordovician to Carboniferous Usually orthoconic shells Siphuncle expands between septa, creating bulbous endosiphuncular Can also have cameral deposits |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Nautiloidea Order Nautilida About Devonian to recent Complete to partly involute shells Suture lines are straight, curved, or gently sinous Suture lines are only visible on Internal Molds |
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Subclass Ammonoidea |
Coiled shells More complex suture lines than Nautiloids Siphuncle runs along the edge of the shell |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Ammonoidea Order Goniatitida About Devonian to Permian Goniatitic sutures( Pointed lobes, rounded saddles) Involute Shells |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Ammonoidea Order Ceratitida About Triassic Ceriatitic sutures (smooth saddles, folded lobes) Involute or evolute shells |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Ammonoidea Order Ammonitida About Jurassic to Creaceous Ammonitic Sutures (complex and flame-like) Involute or evolute shells |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Ammonoidea Order Ammonitida Suborder Lytoceratina About Jurassic to Creaceous Group called "heteromorphs" is mainly Creaceous Ammonitic sutures Partly uncoiled, some parts appear straight (especially when fragmented) Thought to be passive floaters, rather than swimmers, that fed on plankton |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Subclass Coleoidea Order Belemnitida About Late Carboniferous to Cretaceous Shell (pro-ostracum, phragmocone, siphuncle, and guard) is entirely internal, covered by the mantle The guard is bullet-shaped and has a radial fibrous crystal growth The phragmocone fits into a cone-shaped depression in the end of the guard |
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Classification Phylum Mollusca Class Scaphopoda About Ordovician to recent "Tusk Shells" Tapered, cylindrical shell The animal lives in the sediment with larger opening down and the top of the shell above the sediment to take in water They are deposit feeders and carnivores. using tentacles to capture prey |
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Classification Phylum Brachiopoda Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Order Orthida About Cambrian-Permian Both valves convex, typically with more convex of the ventral value Hinge is typically wide with well developed interarea and open delthyrium |
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Classification Phylum Brachipoda SubphylumRhynchonelliformea Order Strophomenida Suborder Strophomenidina About Ordovician-triassic Shell broad and slender, with gently convex ventral valve and flat to concave dorsal valve Have "snow-shoe" adaptions for dealing with soft, relatively fluid, muddy bottoms |
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Classification Phylum Brachiopoda SubphylumRhynchonelliformea Order Strophomendia Suborder Chonetidina About Silurian-Jurassic Shells are slender, with convex ventral and flat to concave dorsal valves. Row of delicate spines arasing from the ventral value interarea (often broken off with only bases visible) |
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Classification Phylum Brachiopoda Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Order Strophomendia Suborder Productidina About Devonian-Permian Ventral Valve strongly convex and carries tubular spines on surface (often broken off with only bases visible) Dorsal valve concave |
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Classification Phylum Brachipoda Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Order Spiriferida About Silurian-jurassic Wide, biconvex shells with laterally directed, spirally-coiled brachidium Ventral valve commonly much taller than dorsal valve with well-developed interea |
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Classification Phylum Brachiopoda Subphylum Linguliformea Order Lingulida About Cambrian-Recent Valves are roughly elliptical in outline and similar in size Pedicle emerges between the edges of the valves |
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Classification Phylum Brachipoda Subphylum Linguliformea Order Acrotretida About Cambrian-recent Nearly flat, circular dorsal valve and a conical ventral valve Pedicle, when present, emerges through an opening in the ventral valve |
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Classification Phylum Brachiopoda Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Order Terebratulida About Devonian-recent Diconvex shells Fairly smooth exterior Usually large beak with well-developed foramen Brachidium is a simple or complex loop |
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Classification phylum Brachiopoda Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Order Rhynchonellida About Ordovician-recent Usually biconvex shells Well-developed ribs on exterior Small beak and small formaen |
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Classification Phylum Brachipoda Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Order Pentamerida About Mid-Cambrian-Devonian Biconvex shells Lacks a pedicle opening Ventral valves has a distinct muscle attachment structure called a spondylium( Y-shaped in cross-section, and dorsal valve can have a corresponding structure called the cruralum |
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Classification Phylum Brachipoda Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Orde Atrypida About Ordovician-Devonian Has a spiral brachidium (spiralia) that is oriented vertically Dorsal Valve is much more convex than the ventral valve (dorsal valve is inflated to accommodate the spiralia) |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Chelicerata Class Merastomata Subclass Xiphosura About Cambrian?:Silurian to recent Horseshoe crabs Two tagmata (the prosoma and opisthosoma, the adbomen & telson) |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Chelicerata Class Merastomata Subclass Eurypterida About Ordovician-Permian Short Prosoma Long, narrow opisthosoma 5 pairs of legs |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Class Malacostraca About Cambrian-recent Accounts for over half of living crustaceans 3 tagmata(5 segmented head, 8 segmented thorax, 6 segmented abdomen+telson) |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Class Cirripedia About ?Cambrian-rect Barnacles are attached epifuanal suspension feeders Body enclosed by a carapace with overlapping calcareous plates, called lateral plates Two pairs of plates form the operculum, which open to allow the appendages to extend Six Pairs of appendages called cirri used for feeding |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Class Ostracoda About Cambrian-recent small, aquatic crustaceans greatly modified body enclosed in a carapace made of two halves well-developed head appendages, rest of body is reduced |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum hexapoda About Devonian to recent Insects Very diverse 3 tagmata Uniramous appendages |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Agnostoid arthropods About Cambrian-Ordovician small trilobite-like arthropods 3 tagmata(cephalon, thorax, pygidium) Calcite exoskeleton No eyes, 2 thoracic segments limbs differ from those of trilobites |
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Class Trilobita |
Cambrian to Permian Marine Arthropods that lived on the seafloor(shallow and deep waters) Preyed on small inverts, ate algae, &/or were scavengers Reproduced sexually, may have had brood pouches |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class trilobita Order Eodiscida About cambrian Resemble agnostoid small, isopygous Marginal sutures 2-3 thoracic segments Pygidial axis is well segmented; has numerous axial rings |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Redlichiida Suborder Olenellina About Lower Cambrian Micropygous Thoracic segments extend into spines Marginal sutures Large, crescent-shaped, holochroal eyes, close to glabela Lacked a calcified protaspis stage |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Redlichiida Suborder Redlichiina About Lower to Middle Cambrian Differs from Olenellina by having Opisthoparian facial sutures Calcified protaspis stage present |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Ptchopariida About Cambrian-Ordovian "Garbage can" taxa group Micropygous Ospithoparian sutures Small, holochroal eyes Numerous thoracic sements usually 2-3 pairs of glabellar furrows |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Corynexochida Suborder Corynexochina About Cambrian Isopygous(usually) 7-9 thoracic segments Pygidium has well-developed segmentation Glabella is parallel-sided and extends forwards |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Corynexochida Suborder Illaenina About Ordovician-Devonian Isopygous Opisthoparian sutures Can be extremely smooth, or have a foward expanding glabella with large tail with a short axis and well-developed interplueral furrows |
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Classification Phylum Arthropda Class trilobita Order Asaphida Suborder Asaphina About Upper Cambrian to Ordovician Smooth, Isopygous, opisthoparians Usually 8 thoracic segments Sutures converge to a point on the anterior border Largest know trilobite is an asaphina |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Asaphida Suborder Trinucleina About Upper Cambrian-Lower Silurian Isopygous Marginal or opisthoparain sutues Unique cephalon, with a pitted fringe, teardrop-shaped glabella, long genal spines (often break off during taphonomy) 5-7 thoracic segments Triangular-shaped Pygidium |
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classification Phylum Arthropoda Class trilobita Order Harpida About upper cambrian-Devonian Micropygous marginal sutures At least 12 thoracic segments Small eyes, or blind Large Cephalon with long, broad genal spines, sometimes pitted. Glabella norrows forwardly |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Proetida About Ordovician to Permain Micro-or isopygous Opisthoparian Eyes are close to glabella Glabellar furrows are curved Pygidium usually large with several axial rings |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Trilobita Order Phacopida Suborder Phacopina About Ordovician-Devonian Proparian Sutures Isopygous Schizochroal eye (only group that has them) Large glabella that expands forwards Normally 11 thoracic segments |
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Classification Phylum Arthropoda Class trilobita Order Phacopida Suborder Cheirurina About Ordovician-Silurian Micropygous Proparian Holochroal eyes Rectangular glabella with deep furrows (some have a "bow tie") Spines on pygidium |
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Classification Phylum Arthropida Class trilobita Order Phacopida Suboorder Calymenina About Ordovician-Devonian Gonatoparian Very small eyes 13 thoracic segments Glabella is forwardly tapered with deep furrows OR is rectangular in shape with weak furrows |
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Classification Phylum Arthropida Class Trilobita Order Odontopleurida About Ordovician-Devonian Iso- or Miscropygous Opisthoparian Highly spinose Quadrate (meaning 4) furrowed glabella Sometimes has a "toothed" border along free checks |
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Classification Phylum Arthropida Class Trilobita Order Lichida About Late Cambrian-Devonian Opisthoparian Glabellar lobes are inflated and fused Pygidium often has 3 pairs of leaf-like or spinose pleural structures Often covered in tubercles |
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Classification Phylum Bryozoa Dome-Shaped Bryozoa |
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Classification Phylum Bryozoa Branching bryozoa |
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Classification Phylum Bryozoa Fan-shaped Bryozoa |
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Classification Phylum Hemichordata Class Graptolithina Order Dendroidea About Mid-Cambrian to Carboniferous Numerous stipes with hundreds of thecae, often connected by a rod-like structure Rhabdosomes are conical, fan-like, or shrub like Most were benthic & attached to sea floor, some were plankton |
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Classification Phylum Hemichordata Class Graptolithina Order Graptoloidea Suborder Didymongraptina About Ordovician 2-4 pendent to reclined stipes with simple theca |
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Classification Phylum Hemichordata Class Graptolithina Order Graptoloidea Suborder Diplograptina About Ordovician-Silurian Two scandant stipes that grew back-to-back, enclosing the nema |
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Classification Phylum Hemichordata Class Graptolithina Order Graptoloidea Suborder Monograptina About silurian-lower Devonina 1 scandant stipe Theca may possess an ornate, curved, or spinose aperture A secondary stipe can form off a theca (called a cladia) |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Asterozoa Class Asteroidea About Ordovician-recent Starfish Predators & herbivors Commonly has 5 arms, can be more (arms join at a central disc Can usually see the Madreporite where the water enters |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Asterozoa Class Ophiuroidea About Ordovician-recent Brittle stars thing arms well-differentiated from central disc Suspension feeders, deposit feeders, scavengers |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Echinozoa Class Echinoidea Regular echinoid About Ordovician-recent Sea urchins Epifaunal Mouth and a complex jaw apparatus called Aristotle's Lantern is located in the Peristome (Oral Surface) Anus is located in the Periproct (Aboral Surface) 5 Ambulacral areas, 5 Interambulacral areas |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Echinozoa Class Echinoidea Irregular Echinoids About Jurassic-recent Heart urchins, sand dollars, sea biscuits Periproct & anus is shifted, due to its infaunal habits Spines are small & slender, except on oral surface which is longer & robust, used for locomotion Petaloid Ambulacrum & Tube feet are well-defined on aboral surface |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Crinozoa Class Crinoidea About Cambrian-recent stalked pelmatozoans suspension feeders 3 skeletal areas: the cup-shaped calyx (body), arms (feeding structures), stem & Holdfast. |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Blastozoa Class Blastoidea About Silurian-Permian Similar to Crinoids Cup-shaped body (theca), a stem, and hold fast Short arm structures called brachioles Well-developed pentaradial symmetry and ambulacra Holes at the top of the Theca (1 is the mouth, 1 is the Anus) |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Subphylum Blastozoa Class Cystoidea About Ordovician-Devonian Brachioles at the top of the golubar the test Test lac pentaradial symmetry & the large ambulacral areas that blastoids have Respirator openings at the plate boundaries (paired pores (diplopores) and Rhombic Regions of pores (pectinirhombs) |
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Classification Phylum Echinodermata Class Edrioasteroidea About Cambrian-Carboniferus Immobile, epifaunal Aboral surface permanently attached to hard surface Mouth & Anus on oral surface, both covered by plates Openings for tube feet on ambulacral area Probably suspension feeders |
