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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the digestive system?
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The digestive system derives both energy and raw materials from food
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What does the digestive system do?
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The digestive system (and all digestive systems) break down the complex molecules of food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used
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List the four "nutritional types"
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1. Herbivores: eat only plants
2. Carnivores: eat only animals with some species specializing on certain body parts 3. Ominvores: eat plant or animal; highly variable diets 4. Decomposers: consume detris |
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What is detris?
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Remains of plant or animals broken down into smaller fragments by the action of microorganisims
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What does food provide to organisms?
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Energy
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What part of the brain controls appetiete?
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The hypothalamus
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What is malnourishment?
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A defficiency in one or more essential nutrients.
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What kinds of malnourishment are there?
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Protein, mineral or vitamin
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What kinds of malnourishment are there?
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Protein, mineral or vitamin
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What percent of the world's population does malnourishment effect?
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At least 10%
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What are symptoms of protein defficiency (kwashiorkor)?
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Lethragy, severe animia, change in hair color, "pot-belly"
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Do animals store amino acids between feedings?
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No
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Name several inorganic ions that animals requre for a variety of structures and functions
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Calcuim, sulfer, soduim, chloride, potassium, zinc
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Which of those inorganic ions are needed in small amounts?
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Zinc
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What are the two broad groups that vitamins fall into?
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Water-soluble: precursor of a particular coenzyme i.e. folic acid, vitamin c
Fat-soluble: includes vitamins A,D,K,E, and have diverse roles |
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What chemical processes are involved in digestion?
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Splitting bonds between the building blocks of macromolecules and lipids
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Name four specific enzymes and list their functions
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1. Protease: works on proteins
2. Glycosidases: work on polysaccharides 3. Lipases: work on lipids 4. Nucleases: works on nucleic acids (RNA, DNA) |
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Name four functions of the digestive system.
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1. Movement-agitating food in specialized areas and pushing it through the system
2. Secretion-break down of lubricants, enzymes and detergents 3. Digestion-break down of large molecules into their component building blocks 4. Absorption-taking up small molecules into their cells or circulation |
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Name two advantages of having a 2-ended digestive tract:
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1. Animals can process food more efficiently with a two ended tract
2. reminants of the food, with bacteria that inhabit the tract form the feces |