Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Anatomical Position?
|
Body standing erect
eyes facing forward palms facing forward legs parallel and forward |
|
|
4 Planes of Space?
|
Median / Sagittal / MidSagittal
Parasagittal Coronal Horizontal |
|
|
Median / Sagittal / Midsagittal
|
Equal Right and Left Halves
(Only one cut possible) |
|
|
Parasagittal
|
Unequal L and R portions
(infinite cuts possible) |
|
|
Coronal
|
Front and Back Parts
(infinite cuts possible) |
|
|
Horizontal
|
Transverse - Top half and Bottom half
(infinite cuts possible) |
|
|
Anterior / Ventral
|
Front of the Body
|
|
|
Posterior / Dorsal
|
Back of the Body
|
|
|
Superior
|
Denotes position of being higher than another structure
|
|
|
Inferior
|
Denotes position of being lower than another structure
|
|
|
Cranial / Cephalic / Rostral
|
Denotes the position or direction towards the head
|
|
|
Caudal
|
Denotes position of direction away from head and toward the tail/coccyx
|
|
|
Medial
|
Position near the midline of the body
|
|
|
Lateral
|
Position away from the midline
|
|
|
Median
|
Position ON the midline
|
|
|
Proximal
|
position close to the point of origin or attachment of a structure
|
|
|
Distal
|
Describes a position away from point of origin or attachment of a structure
|
|
|
Superficial
|
Denotes position near the surface
also external |
|
|
Deep
|
Denotes position away from the surface
IE Profound = deep also internal |
|
|
Ipsilateral
|
being located on the same side
|
|
|
Flexion
|
movement that decreases the angle between two bones
|
|
|
Extension
|
movement that increases the angle between two bones
|
|
|
Abduction
|
Movement away from midline
|
|
|
Adduction
|
movement toward the midline
|
|
|
Rotation
|
Movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone
|
|
|
Circumdirection
|
complex movement around a fixed point involving sequence of
flexion, abduction, extension, adduction |
|
|
Pronation
|
specialized movement in the foream in which the hand is turned to face posteriorly
|
|
|
Supination
|
specialized movement in the foream in which the hand is turned back into the anatomical position and faces anteriorly
|
|
|
Eversion
|
Turning the sole of the foot (plantar surface) outward
|
|
|
Inversion
|
Turning the sole of the foot (plantar surface) inward
|
|
|
Dorsiflexion
|
movement of the foot so that the toes point cranially
|
|
|
Plantarflexion
|
movement of the foot so that the toes point caudally
|
|
|
Opposition
|
pad of thumb touches the pads of other digits
|
|
|
reposition
|
movement of thumb back into the anatomical position
|
|
|
Elevation
|
lifting of a part
|
|
|
depression
|
pulling down of a part
|
|
|
protrusion
|
pushing a part forward
|
|
|
Retraction
|
pushing a part backward
|
|
|
Skin out cuticle is divided into these two parts
|
epidermis and dermis
|
|
|
4 Appendages of the skin
|
nails
hair Sebaceous glands sweat glands |
|
|
What is the skin innervated by?
|
cutaneous nerves, which convey sensation from the skin to the CNS
|
|
|
Sweat glands are important why?
|
Thermoregulation
|
|
|
The two layers of Fascia?
|
Superficial fascia
Deep Fascia |
|
|
Superficial fascia where? what is it?
|
under skin
consisting of loose areolar connective tissue |
|
|
Deep Fascia where? what is it?
|
denser CT, invests in muscles in tendons
forms intermuscular septa |
|
|
intermuscular septa
|
deep fascia that extends inbetween muscle to bone,
serve to form muscle compartments in limbs |
|
|
3 Basic Muscles tissue types
|
Cardiac Muscle- makes up heart
Smooth Muscle- located in wall of hollow viscera and blood vessels Skeletal Muscle- voluntary muscles of musculoskeletal system |
|
|
Tendons?
|
dense connective tissue structures that connect muscle to bone
|
|
|
Proximal point of attachment
Distal point Whats in between? |
origin
insertion belly |
|
|
aponeurosis
|
broad flat tendon of attachment of a muscle
|
|
|
raphe
|
interdigiation of the insertions of muscle on each other
|
|
|
How many different Ways can muscles be named
|
7: Shape, size, number of heads or bellies, location, action, depth, attachments
|
|
|
Unipennate Bipennate Multipennate
|
When muscle fibers attach obliquely to their tendons, they look like a feather
|
|
|
Joints formed where...
|
two or more bones come together
|
|
|
3 Classification of joints
|
Fibrous Joint
Cartilaginous joint Synovial Joint |
|
|
Synovial Joint
|
Freely Moveable Joint
Bones covered by articular cartilage joint capsule usually reinforced by ligaments most numerous joint |
|
|
3 types of synovial joints
|
Uniaxial joint
Biaxial Joint Multiaxial Joint |
|
|
Uniaxial joint
|
Movement in only one plane of space
Plane / Gliding Joints- Articular surfaces are flat (Sternoclavicular) Pivot Joints- one bone rotates around another (alantoaxial, radioulnar) Hinge Joints- flexion and extension (knee, elbow) |
|
|
Biaxial Joint
|
Movement in two planes of space
Condyloid- "Knuckle joints" permit flexion and extension, abduction, and adduction (metapharyngeal) Ellipsoid- oval ellipsoid surface fits into oval concavity to permit flexion extension and abduction and adduction ( radiocarpal joint/ wrist) |
|
|
Multiaxial Joint
|
permit movement in all 3 planes of space
Saddle Joints- reciprocal bones resemble a horse back Ball and Socket joints- Shoulder and hip |
|
|
Stability of Joints conferred by these 3 factors
|
Ligaments
Muscle Tone Congruence of Articular Surfaces- how tightly the bones fit together |
|
|
Bursae
|
blind synovial pouches that intervene between bone and skin and between bone and bone to facillate movement at joints
|
|
|
Mucous Membranes
IE? |
Interior Lining of hollow organs of the body
Epithelium Lamina propria Mucularis Mucosa |
|
|
Serous Membranes
IE? |
Line the body cavities and covers the organs
Mesothelium Underlying Connective Tissue |
