Introduction To Epidemiology

Front 1

Epidemiology

Back 1

A quantitative discipline that study the distribution and determinants of health-related states among specified populations and the application of that study to the control of health problems

Hint 1

Definition

Front 2

Epidemiology

Back 2

Frequency and pattern with health events in a pop

Hint 2

Concerned with

Front 3

Frequency

Back 3

Refers to:

- # of health events in a pop

- rs of that # to size of pop

Hint 3

Define

Occurence

Front 4

Pattern

Back 4

Occurence of health-related events by tpp

Hint 4

Define

Math

Front 5

Time

Back 5

Patterns of time that may influence disease or injury occurence

Hint 5

When? Nasabi na diyan sa statement

Front 6

Place

Back 6

Patterns include geographic variation, urban/rural differences, work sites or schools

Hint 6

Where? Other word for location

Front 7

Personal

Back 7

Chars include demog factors wc may be related to risk of illnes, injury, or disability

Age

Sex

Marital stat

Socioeconomic stat

Behaviors

Envi expo

Hint 7

Who?/what?

Front 8

Descriptive epidemiology

Back 8

Charrizing health events by tpp

Hint 8

Type of epi

Front 9

Determinants

Back 9

Factors, event, cah or definable entity, brings change in a health condition or other defined char

Hint 9

Pinaka unang lesson sa lab

Front 10

Causes

Back 10

Influence the occurence of disease and other health related events

Hint 10

Determinants

English of dahilan

Front 11

Uses of epi

Back 11

1 assessing the community's health

2 making indiv decisions

3 documenting the complete clinical picture of the illness

4 searching for causes to prevent future outbreaks

Hint 11

Enumeration, apat yan, uses

Front 12

Assessing the comm's health

Back 12

- Sources of data must be identified and analyzed by tpp

- gather data baseline for future comparison after intervention to eva efficiency and effectiveness of the intervention

- descriptive epi (on other flashcard)

Hint 12

Uses of epi #1

Front 13

Making indiv decisions

Back 13

Influence indiv's behavior, lifestyle, personal and social acts

Establish health literacy -> 1° -> decreased morbidity

Hint 13

Uses of epi 2

Front 14

Descriptive epi

Back 14

What = actual and potential hralth probs in comm

Where= are they occuring (geographic distrib)

Which pops are at risk (demog/envi distrib)

Wc probs have declined over time (frequency/rate)

Wc probs have declined over time (frequency/rate)

Wc probs are increasing (frequency/rate)

Wc probs are increasing (frequency/rate)

Hint 14

Type of epi

Uses of epi 1

Front 15

Action: quit smoking

Back 15

Epi finding: increased risk of lung cancer among smokers

Hint 15

Wag na manigarilyo

Front 16

Analytic epidemiology

Back 16

Provide why and how

To search for determinants

Hint 16

Type of epi

Anachem

Front 17

Action: low salt, low fat diet; active lifestyle

Back 17

Epi finding: exercise and prop diet reduce the risk of heart diseases

Hint 17

Tatlo yan low low active

Front 18

Action: use of contraceptives; monogamy

Back 18

Epi finding: increased risk of hiv associated w/ certain sexual related behaviors

Hint 18

Condoms, pills, guy to guy

Front 19

Searching for causes to prevent future outbreaks

Back 19

Goal: idenrify a cause so appropriate public health action migjt be taken to prevent such cause

Hint 19

Uses of epi 4

Google yung nga dahilan

Front 20

Documenting the complete clinical picture of the illness

Back 20

When investigating, epi rely on health-care providers and lab ppl to establsh proper diagnosis of indiv patients

Some diseases are hard to diagnose

Unveils whole clinical pic of a disease where new type of agent causes a new disease

Understand natural history of diseases and their symptomatology for more effective management

Hint 20

Uses of epi 3

Picture picture ng kumpleto yung sakit ganern

Front 21

Core epidemiologic functions

Back 21

Descriptive epi

Analytic epi

1 surveillance

2 field investigation

3 analytic studies

4 evaluation

5 linkages

6 policy dev

Hint 21

Enumeration, anim yan, core

Front 22

Descriptive epi

Back 22

Surveillance and field investigation

Hint 22

Tupe of epi

Part 3

Front 23

Analytical epi

Back 23

Analytic studies

Eva

Policy dev

Hint 23

Type of epi

Part 3

Front 24

Surveillance

Back 24

Monitoring the community to gather info about the sun prob

"Information for action"

Info from coll data help guide public health decisikn making and action

Info is summarized into case studies/series, health surveys, mortality and morbidity rates and id of disease rates and patterns

- disseminate and interpret data to public and health care providers

Gathered info portray the ongoing patterns and burden of disease

- action(investigation, control, preventive measures) can be applied effectively

Hint 24

Part 3 1

Front 25

Field investigation

Back 25

First action when we receive surveillance report

With 3 types

1 phone call

2 healthcare facility visits

3 house-to-house visits

"Shoe leather epi"

Id addtnl unreported or unrecognized ill persons who might continue to spread infection

Id sources or vehicles of infection tjat can be controlled or eliminated

Ex: escherichia coli

Hint 25

Part 3 2

Front 26

Phone call

Back 26

confirm or clarify circumstances

Hint 26

Tyoes of field investigation 1

Front 27

healthcare facility visits

Back 27

id outpatient and admitted cases

Hint 27

Tyoes of field investigation 2

Front 28

house-to-house visits

Back 28

in a particular community

Hint 28

Types of field investigation 3

Front 29

Analytic studies

Back 29

Test hypothesis obtained from surveillance field investigations

valid comparison group = hallmark of an analytic epigic study

Must be skilled in

Design

Conduct

Analysis

Interpretation

Hint 29

Part 3 3

Front 30

Design

Back 30

1 det app research strategy and study design

2 write justifications and protocols

3 calculating sample sizes

4 inclusion/exclusion criteria

5 choosing an app comparison group

6 designing questionnaires

Hint 30

Analytic study 1, anim yan

Front 31

Conduct

Back 31

1 IRB securing clearances and approvals, adhere app ethical principles

2 data gathering abstracting recs, interview, handling specimens

Hint 31

Analytic study 2, dalawa lang yan

Front 32

Analysis

Back 32

1 baseline patient characteristics describing the characteristics of the subjects

2 calculation of rates, creation of comparative tables

3 (relative risks kr odd ratios) computation of measures if association

4 test of significance

Hint 32

Analytic study 3, apat yan

Front 33

Evaluation

Back 33

Process of det relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of activities with established goals

Hint 33

Part3 4, process

Front 34

Effectiveness

Back 34

(Actual)Ability of program to produce expected results in the field

Front 35

Efficacy

Back 35

Ability to produce results under ideal conditions

Front 36

Efficiency

Back 36

Ahility of the program to produce intended results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources

Front 37

Interpretation

Back 37

study findings into perspective and making sound recommendations

Epi should be knowledgeable about the subj and strengths and weakness of the study

Hint 37

Analytical study 4, define lang

Front 38

Linkages

Back 38

Field epi is multidisciplinary

Composed of laboratorians, infection control personnel or othe clinical staff, computer information specialist

Hint 38

Part3 5

Front 39

Laboratorians

Back 39

Medtechs, biochemists, microbiologists

Process samples to aid in the identification of causative agents

Diagnosis of diseases

Front 40

Epidemiology

Back 40

Basic science of public health

Hint 40

Epi