Intro To World Music

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Emic

Back 1

the perspective of a cultural insider

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etic

Back 2

the perspective of a cultural outsider

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santur

Back 3

a hammered zither from the persian classical tradition.

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baglama

Back 4

a round bodied lute from Turkey

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zurna

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a double-reed aerophone from Turkey, North Africa, and Greece.

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ki mantle hood

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bimusicality

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bimusicality

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combining learning to play the music under study with field observation

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alan merriam

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ethnomusicology

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armchair ethnomusicology

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not performing the fieldwork, just observing the collected materials by fieldworkers

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classical

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-identifies as the highest form
-used to refer to anything orchestral
-denotes a revered model of the epitome of a style or type.

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traditional

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contrasted w/ popular music
is assumed to change little over time and to perserve valures long held by the community

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aerophone

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require air to make sound.

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chordophone

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stringed instruments; 4 of them; lutes, zithers, harps, lyres.

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idiophone

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instruments that themselves vibrate to make noise

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membranophone

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instruments with a vibrating membrane

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timbre

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the tone or quality of musical sound

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medium

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that which produces sound

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organology

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the study of musical instruments

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fret

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a bar or ridge found on chordophones

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phonic structure

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relationship between diff. sounds in a given piece

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monophony

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a single line of music

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polyphony

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multiple lines of music

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homophony

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multiple lines of music expressing the same musical idea.

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independent polyphony

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two or more lines of music expressing independent musical ideas

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heterophony

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multiple performers playing simultaneous variations of the same line of music

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dynamics

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the volume of a musical sound.

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form

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underlying temporal structure of a musical performance.

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pitch

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a tone's specific frequency level measured in Hertz

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tuning system

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pitches common to a musical tradition

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ornamentation

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an embellishment or decoration of a melody

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melody

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an organized succession of pitches forming a musical idea.

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melodic contour

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the general direction ad shape of a melody

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drone

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a continuous sound

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text setting

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the rhythmic relationship of words to melody; can be syllabic or melismatic

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melisma

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more than one pitch is sung per syllable

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syllabic

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only one pitch is sung per syllable

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rhythm

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the lengths or durations of sounds as patterns in time.

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beat

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a regular pulsation

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accent

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an emphasized beat

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tempo

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the relative rate of speed of a beat

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rhythmic density

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the quantity of notes between periodic accents over a specific unit of time.

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meter

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a division of music beats into regular groupings.

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semiotics

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study of signs, including music

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Gerhard Kubik

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ethnomusicologist who worked in africa.

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Frances Densmore

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fieldwork w/native american music

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John Blacking

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defined music as humanly organized sound.

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micronesia, polynesia, melanesia

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the 3 subregions of the pacific islands

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Tok Pisin

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creole spoken throughout papua new guinea, the official language.

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Garamut

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slit drum used in Papua new guinea

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kundu

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hourglass shaped drum in papua new guinea

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susap

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metallic harp

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lamellophone

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sound is produced by plucking the thin plates

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pahu

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a single-headed cylindrical membranophone

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mele

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poetic texts used in drum chant

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portamento

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smooth glide from one pitch to another

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vibrato

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effect consisting of a regular pulsating change of pitch

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antilles

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chain of islands in the caribbean excluding the bahamas

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mummer

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a type of street theater actor, usually english derived performances staged during Christmas season

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vodou

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an african-derived religious system incorporating newly encountered and adapted influences from roman catholicism.

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rara

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a form of festival music used for street processions, typically during Easter week.

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loa

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the spirits of the vodou religion practiced in haiti

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shango

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a yoruba name for the god of thunder and lightening in the west african pantheon, consequently, also the name for a west-african derived religion found primarily in Trinidad.

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ogun

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a loa and orisha who presides over fire, iron,hunting, politics and war

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legba

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the intermediary between the loa and humanity.

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syncretism

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the union of different systems of thought or belief esp. in religion or philosophy. ex. seeing Christ, the virgin, and the saints as equivalents to african gods

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calypso

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trinidad origin, music characterized by improvised lyrics on topical and broadly humorous subject matter

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conga

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a tall, barrel-shaped, single-headed drum used often in latin american music.

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carnival

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a pre-lent festival

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pan

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a musical instrument from trinidad made out of a steel oil drum

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tamboo bamboo

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type of ensemble developed after drums were banned in trinidad, which used cane and bamboo tubes that were beaten with sticks and stamped on the ground.

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pan yard

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an enclosed area in which a steel band pracitces

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santeria

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a belief system combining animisim and syncretized roman catholicism

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orus

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a rhythmic pattern associated w/an orisha in the santeria religious tradition

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Haile Selassie

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emperor of ethopia; worshipped by rastafarians.

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rastafarianism

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a religious cult which purports that the second coming of Jesus Christ has already occurred in the form of Haile Selassie.

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jah

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the shortened term for the god YWAH, and Jehovah most commonly used in the Rastafarian movement.

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clave

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a hand held wooden bar used as a percussion instrument

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guaracha

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a latin american ballroom dance, as well as a song type emphasizing call-and-response vocal organization

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ceila cruz

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cuban salsa singer; was one of the most successful salsa performers.

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polyrhythm

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multiple rhythms.

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maraca/shekere

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a gourd rattle from Ghana w/ an external beaded netting

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donno

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talking drum, double-headed hourglass variable pressure-drum played w/ a hooked stick

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palm wine guitar

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a popular music style from sub-saharan africa, originally where the poor would play guitar for drinks such as palm wine

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highlife

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a generic term describing urban popular music traditions found throughout sub-saharan africa.

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pygmies

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a general term describing the many ethnic groups of forest-dwellers in the rain forests of central america

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Balafon

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a xylophone from west africa often played by oral historians

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mbalax

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national popular dance music of senegal and the gambia. fusion of popular western music and dance such as jazz, soul, latin, and rock blended w/sabar

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jali

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term for a mandinka poet/ praise singer and oral historian from senegal/gambia

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griot

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french term for a wandering minstrel, often used to describe the west african jali

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oral tradition

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cultural practices and beliefs passed down to generations through spoken word

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birmintingo

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the instrumental solo sections of a jali performance from west africa

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kumbengo

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the sung sections of a jali performance

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yossou nodour

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a senegalese singer, percussionist, helped develop a style of popular music in senegal known by it's wolof language name of mbalax

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Vladimir Vysotsky

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iconic soviet and russian singer, songwriter, poet.

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Igor Moiseyev

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greatest 20th century choreographer of character dance

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samizdat

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system of cladestine printing and distribution of dissident or banned literature

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chastushki

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a category of songs from russia considered playful

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balalaika

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a triangle-shaped, fretted plucked lute from russia

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prima balalaika

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played with the fingers, highest pitched one

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ululation

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long, wavering high-pitched sound resembling the howl produced by emitting a howl pitched loud voice accompanied w/ a rapid movement of the tongue and uvula

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glottal stop

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a speech sound made by closing the vocal chords and then releasing them

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philip kutev

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a bulgarian composer and founder of the bulgarian state television female vocal choir

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pravo horo

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bulgarian dance

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bagpipes

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a reed aerophone consisting of an airbag chanter (melody pipe), and drone pipes

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chanter

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the melody pipe found on various bagpipes

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bellows

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an apparatus for producing a strong current of air; used with irish bagpipes, as well as the pump organ and other aerophones

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gaida

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bagpipes from bulgaria

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scottish highland pipes

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played at police funerals

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a phiob-mhor/war pipes

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an instrument that in modern practice is identical and historically was analogous or identical to the great highland pipes

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uileann pipes

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bagpipes from ireland, called uileann because the performer uses an elbow to pump the bellows

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pibroch

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a form of scottish bagpipe music w/ an elaborate theme-and-variations structure

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pub sessions

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playing music and or singing in the relaxed social setting of a local pub

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sikuri

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a type of ensemble from peru, consisting of siku performers w/accompanying drums

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siku

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panpipes common among indigenous populations from Peru

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bombos/surdo

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a large drum used in sikuri performances

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strophic

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a song form in which the music repeats with each new poetic verse

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vihuela

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a small, fretted plucked lute from mexico similar to a guitar but w/ a convex resonator

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mariachi

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an entertainment music associated w/festivals and celebratory events

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guitarron

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a large fretted plucked lute from mexico similar to a guitar but w/ a convex resonator

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huehuetl

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an upright tubular drum made from a wooden body opened at the bottom that stands on 3 legs cut from its base.

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teponaztli

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a type of slit drum used in central music by aztecs and related cultures. have 3 slits on their topside, cut into the shape of an "H"

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son

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an afro-cuban music genre

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son jaracho

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a traditional music style of veracruz. fusion of indigenous, spanish, and african musical elements.

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jarana

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a guitar shaped fretted stringed instrument from south veracruz

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cecil j.sharp

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english folksong collector

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singing school

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a tradition of teaching 4-part harmony techniques found in rural areas throughout the u.s.

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shape notes

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a music notation system from the united states that uses differently shaped note heads to indicate pitch

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the sacred harp

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most popular collection of shape note songs

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fuging tune

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a category of shape-note song in which individual voices enter one after another