Intro To Psych Chapter 4

Front 1

Sensation

Back 1

stimulation of a sense organ

Front 2

Perception

Back 2

Organization, identification, interpretation of a sensation to form a mental representaiton

Front 3

Transduction

Back 3

Sensors in body convert physical signals from environment into neural signals sent to CNS

Front 4

Psychophysics

Back 4

measures strength of a stimulus and observer's sensitivity to stimulus

Front 5

Absolute Threshold

Back 5

minimal intensity needed to barely detect a stimulus

Front 6

Just Noticeable Difference

Back 6

Minimal change in stimulus that can barely be detected

Front 7

Weber's Law

Back 7

noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion despite variations in intensity

Front 8

Single Detection Theory

Back 8

Response to stimulus depends on both a person's sensitivity to stimulus from noise and on a person's repsonse

Front 9

Sensory Adaption

Back 9

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as the organism adapts to current conditions

Front 10

Accommodation

Back 10

Eye maintains a clear image on the retina

Front 11

Cones

Back 11

Detect color, normal daylight conditions, focus on fine detail

Front 12

Rods

Back 12

Active under low-light conditions for night vision

Front 13

Fovea

Back 13

Part of retina where vision is the clearest and no rods present

Front 14

Retina

Back 14

Light sensitive, lines the back of the eyeball

Front 15

Blind Spot

Back 15

No mechanism to sense light because rods/cones aren't present

Front 16

Receptive Field

Back 16

When stimulated cause change in firing rate of neuron

Front 17

Area V1

Back 17

occipital love that contains primary visual cortex

Front 18

Visual-form Agnosia

Back 18

inability to recognize objects by sight

Front 19

Blinding Problem

Back 19

Features linked together, we see unified objects rather than free-floating/miscombined features

Front 20

Illusory Conjunction

Back 20

Mistake where features from many objects are incorrectly combined

Front 21

Feature Integration Theory

Back 21

attention is not required to detect individual features that include stimulus but is required to bind individual features together

Front 22

Perceptual Constancy

Back 22

Aspects of sensory signals change, perception stays the same

Front 23

Monocular Depth Cues

Back 23

Part of scene that yields information about depth when viewed with only one eye

Front 24

Binocular Disparity

Back 24

Difference in retinal images of the two eyes that provide info about depth

Front 25

Apparent Motion

Back 25

Perception of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid successions in different locations

Front 26

Change Blindness

Back 26

People fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene

Front 27

Inattentional Blindness

Back 27

Failure to perceive objects that are not the focus of attention

Front 28

Pitch

Back 28

How high or low a sound is

Front 29

Loudness

Back 29

sound intensity

Front 30

Timbre

Back 30

Listener's experience of sound quality/resonance

Front 31

cochlea

Back 31

Fluid-filled tube, organ of auditory transduction

Front 32

Basilar Membrane

Back 32

In inner ear that undulates when vibrations from ossicles reach the cochlear fluid

Front 33

Hair cells

Back 33

specialized receptor neurons in basilar membrane

Front 34

Area A1

Back 34

Temporal lobe that contains auditory cortex

Front 35

Place Code

Back 35

Cochlea encodes different frequencies at different locations along the basilar membrane

Front 36

Temporal code

Back 36

Cochlea registers low requencies by firing rate of action potentials entering the auditory nerve

Front 37

Haptic Perception

Back 37

Exploration of environment by touching/grasping with our hands

Front 38

Referred Pain

Back 38

Feeling pain when sensory information from internal and external areas converge on the same nerve cells in the spinal cord

Front 39

Gate-Control Theory

Back 39

signals from pain receptors in body can be stopped/gated by interneurons in the spinal cord by feedback from two directions

Front 40

Vestibular System

Back 40

Three fluid-filled semicircular canals near cochlea

Front 41

Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Back 41

Initiate sense of smell

Front 42

Olfactory Bulb

Back 42

brain structure above nasal cavity and below frontal lobes

Front 43

Pheromones

Back 43

Biochemical Odorants emitted by other members of its species that can affect an animal's behavior/physiology

Front 44

Taste Buds

Back 44

organ of taste transduction