Intro To Psy 9: Behaviorism

Front 1

Pavlov

Back 1

dog experiment: salivation before food (learned)

-conditioned (reflex)(CS-CR)

-unconditioned reflexes (US-UR)

saw himself as scientific psychologist

-psychology of digestion

-inspired america to behaviorism

Front 2

Pavlov's behaviorism

Back 2

psychology is different than the consciousn mind. for him psycholgy is behavior, same as Watson

Front 3

psychology of digestion

Back 3

observing normal disgestive functions, natural experiment

-soldier with an open stomach

in the end, his study with dogs got him a nobel prize

Front 4

conditioned reflexes

Back 4

unconditioned stimulus: US

unconditioned response: UR

= UNCONDITONED REFLEX (descartes fire)

conditioned stimulus: CS

conditioned response: CR

=CONDITIONED REFLEX

-the shorther the interval between CS+US the better the conditioning (CS ALWAYS BEFORE US)

Front 5

higher order conditioning

Back 5

US - UR

CS - CR

Front 6

Generalisation

Back 6

CR can be elicited by stimuli similar to original CS (bell with an slightly higher or lower piton)

Front 7

Differentiation

Back 7

dissimilar stimulus occurs without reinforcement

Front 8

Pavlov's theory of the Brain

Back 8

-UR mediated by connections (sensory nerver-motor nerves)

-CR occurred by connecting stimuli with responses in new combinations

-"evidence" in ablating cortex= CR loss+ never learned any new CRS again

Front 9

Pavlov noted differences in experimental neuroses

Back 9

-animals that had a naturally active temperament became aggressive whilist the others became depressive

-experimental neuroses symptons depend on whether you have exilatory or inhibitory predilectionf of the brain

-tried to comtemplate the theory for human psychopathology

Front 10

Watson

Back 10

major founder of american behaviorism

Front 11

Behaviorism

Back 11

differs in 3 ways from the traiditonal psychology:

1-it must be completely objective

2-predict + control over behavior rather than describe + explain

3- no disntrinction between humans and aniamls
Lashley, Pavlov and Bechners work helped establish behaviorism

Front 12

Condtioning Emotions Reactions

Back 12

studying of infants to understand which emotions are uncondtioned

innate: fear, rage and lvoe

everything else is learned

Front 13

experiment on emotions: Little albert

Back 13

US: loud noise

ur: fear

CS: white rat

Front 14

advertising + behaviorism

Back 14

-radical environmentalism: environment has a greater importance than hereditary in determing behavior

-"give me a dozen healthy infants and i guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist i might select"

Front 15

little albert study revised: Jones

Back 15

if fear can be created through conditioning, then perhaps it can also be removed:

-peter was scared of habits:

-systematic desensitization (showing a pleasant stimulus at the same time as the rabbit)

-direct conditioning: having other infants around that are not scared

-social imitation

Front 16

Watson legacy

Back 16

-rise of neobehaviorism in America

Front 17

Skinner + operant conditioning

Back 17

study of different kinds of learned behavior: operant conditioning

-variations of contingencies of reinforcement (conditions under which responses were reinforrce or not)