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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
marine ecology
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study of organisms in the ocean; also called biological oceanography
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natural selection
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most common way to evolve
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all species live where they live because they have
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adapted and evolved
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creatures that have evolved the most? least?
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cetaceans; sharks
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evolved by:
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mutation ad migration
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eury
steno |
wide range of conditions
narrow range of conditions |
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eurythermal
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can live in a wide range of temperature conditions
-sharks, cetaceans, most fish |
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stenothermal
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live in narrow ridge
-sea turtles, corals |
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euryhaline
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can migrate between salinity type
-diadromous fish, salmon, sharks and eels |
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habitat
niche |
physical location
function |
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artemia salina
-habitat -niche |
habitat= coastal wetlands
niche= food for flamingos |
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key species
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fundamental species
-neptune grass, coral, sharks |
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indicator species
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indicates the health of the ecosystem
-pink flavelina, sea turtles |
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limiting factors
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factors that determine what can live there
-sunlight, salinity, temperature |
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eutrophic waters
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nutrient rich waters
-hydrothermal vents, coastal wetlands |
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oligotrophic waters
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nurtient poor waters
-coral reefs, mediterannean |
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biodiversity
abundance |
number of different species
how many of the same species |
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coastal wetlands
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-salt marshes and mangrove forests
-high a & d -habitat, nursery, protection from storms, natural filtering system -recreation and tourism -coastal development and global warming |
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intertidal areas
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-sandy and rocky shores
-medium a & d -rocky: where intertidal invertibrates live sandy: protection of coastline -rocky: shell fish harvesting -sandy: tourism -rocky: oil spills sandy: coastal development and global warming |
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commensalism (symbiotic relationship)
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one species benefits other one is neither harmed nor benefits
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mutualism
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both benefit
-hermit crab and polyp |
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parasitism
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one is harmed other is benefited
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what is primary productivity
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conversion of inorganic material to organic
-byproduct of PP is oxygen |
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what are primary producers?
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phytoplankton, seaweed, and algae
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photic zone
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top layer, red light penetrates
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disphotic zone
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blue and green light penetrates
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aphotic zone
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no light
-primary productivity occurs through chemosynthesis |
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chemosynthesis
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hydrothermal vents
aphotic zone byproduct is H2S |
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respiration
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breakdown of glucose
byproduct is CO2 |
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epifauna
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animals living on the surface of the seabed or a riverbed, or attached to submerged objects or aquatic animals or plants.
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infauna
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the animals living in the sediments of the ocean floor or river or lake beds
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intertidal organisms
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organisms that live between high tide and low tide
-shellfish |
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porifores
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sponges, most simple marine invertebrate
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cnidarians
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-have cnidoblasts (stings)
-stages are polyp and medusa |
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molluscs
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-bivalves (penshell)
-gastropod (snail, nudibranch) -cephalopods (octopus and squid) |
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nautilus
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oldest cephalopod because it has the shell on the outside
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chromatophores
photophores |
cells that mimic and imitate
bioluminescent |
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echinoderms
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starfish, sea cucumber, sea urchins
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mouth of sea urchin
how do starfish move |
aristotles lantern
water vascular system |
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crustaceans
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shrimp, crabs, lobsters
exoskeleton |
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tunicate or sea squirt
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most developed in the invertebrates
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types of fish
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jawless -most primitive
bony-most abundant cartilaginous |
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diadromous fish
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can migrate between salinites
-salmon sharks and eels |
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fusiform
depressed elongated |
-normal
-flounder -eels |
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countershading
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dark on top light on bottom
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disruptive coloring
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fake eye
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chromatophores
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mimetism and mimicry
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lateral line
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sensory organ in fish
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synchronous hermapharodites
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changes sex depending on the number
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sequential hermaphrodites
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sex change-grouper fish
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oviparous
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lays eggs
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oviviparous
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retains eggs--sea horse; intrauterine cannibalism
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viviparous
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give birth to live babies-big sharks
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largest type of sea turtle
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leatherback
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most threatened type of sea turtle
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kemp riddley
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sea turtle reproduction season
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march-october in northern hemisphere
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sea turtle highways
false crawl |
-tracks they leave to lay their eggs
-when they get scared and go back into the ocean |
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sea turtle incubation period
baby tooth of sea turtles |
45 days
curuncle |
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out of 100 sea turtle eggs...
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10% make it and 1% makes it to sexual maturity
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