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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
marine ecology
study of organisms in the ocean; also called biological oceanography
natural selection
most common way to evolve
all species live where they live because they have
adapted and evolved
creatures that have evolved the most? least?
cetaceans; sharks
evolved by:
mutation ad migration
eury
steno
wide range of conditions
narrow range of conditions
eurythermal
can live in a wide range of temperature conditions
-sharks, cetaceans, most fish
stenothermal
live in narrow ridge
-sea turtles, corals
euryhaline
can migrate between salinity type
-diadromous fish, salmon, sharks and eels
habitat

niche
physical location

function
artemia salina
-habitat
-niche
habitat= coastal wetlands
niche= food for flamingos
key species
fundamental species
-neptune grass, coral, sharks
indicator species
indicates the health of the ecosystem
-pink flavelina, sea turtles
limiting factors
factors that determine what can live there
-sunlight, salinity, temperature
eutrophic waters
nutrient rich waters
-hydrothermal vents, coastal wetlands
oligotrophic waters
nurtient poor waters
-coral reefs, mediterannean
biodiversity

abundance
number of different species

how many of the same species
coastal wetlands
-salt marshes and mangrove forests
-high a & d
-habitat, nursery, protection from storms, natural filtering system
-recreation and tourism
-coastal development and global warming
intertidal areas
-sandy and rocky shores
-medium a & d
-rocky: where intertidal invertibrates live
sandy: protection of coastline
-rocky: shell fish harvesting
-sandy: tourism
-rocky: oil spills
sandy: coastal development and global warming
commensalism (symbiotic relationship)
one species benefits other one is neither harmed nor benefits
mutualism
both benefit
-hermit crab and polyp
parasitism
one is harmed other is benefited
what is primary productivity
conversion of inorganic material to organic
-byproduct of PP is oxygen
what are primary producers?
phytoplankton, seaweed, and algae
photic zone
top layer, red light penetrates
disphotic zone
blue and green light penetrates
aphotic zone
no light
-primary productivity occurs through chemosynthesis
chemosynthesis
hydrothermal vents
aphotic zone
byproduct is H2S
respiration
breakdown of glucose
byproduct is CO2
epifauna
animals living on the surface of the seabed or a riverbed, or attached to submerged objects or aquatic animals or plants.
infauna
the animals living in the sediments of the ocean floor or river or lake beds
intertidal organisms
organisms that live between high tide and low tide
-shellfish
porifores
sponges, most simple marine invertebrate
cnidarians
-have cnidoblasts (stings)
-stages are polyp and medusa
molluscs
-bivalves (penshell)
-gastropod (snail, nudibranch)
-cephalopods (octopus and squid)
nautilus
oldest cephalopod because it has the shell on the outside
chromatophores

photophores
cells that mimic and imitate

bioluminescent
echinoderms
starfish, sea cucumber, sea urchins
mouth of sea urchin

how do starfish move
aristotles lantern

water vascular system
crustaceans
shrimp, crabs, lobsters
exoskeleton
tunicate or sea squirt
most developed in the invertebrates
types of fish
jawless -most primitive
bony-most abundant
cartilaginous
diadromous fish
can migrate between salinites
-salmon sharks and eels
fusiform
depressed
elongated
-normal
-flounder
-eels
countershading
dark on top light on bottom
disruptive coloring
fake eye
chromatophores
mimetism and mimicry
lateral line
sensory organ in fish
synchronous hermapharodites
changes sex depending on the number
sequential hermaphrodites
sex change-grouper fish
oviparous
lays eggs
oviviparous
retains eggs--sea horse; intrauterine cannibalism
viviparous
give birth to live babies-big sharks
largest type of sea turtle
leatherback
most threatened type of sea turtle
kemp riddley
sea turtle reproduction season
march-october in northern hemisphere
sea turtle highways
false crawl
-tracks they leave to lay their eggs
-when they get scared and go back into the ocean
sea turtle incubation period
baby tooth of sea turtles
45 days
curuncle
out of 100 sea turtle eggs...
10% make it and 1% makes it to sexual maturity