Intro To Immuno-Hematology

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A branch in Immunology that deals with the uses of immunologic principles to study and identify the different blood groups

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Immuno-Hematology

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A separate area in a hospital where blood is collected from donors

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Blood bank

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Discovered the ABO blood group system in 1900s

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Karl Landsteiner

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Discovered AB-4th major ABO type

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Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli

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Universal donor for RBC

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Type O (no antigen)

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Universal donor for Plasma

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Type AB (no antibodies)

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Test to determine antigen in RBC using antisera

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Cell typing (direct/forward typing)

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Test to determine antibodies in the plasma using RBC's

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Serum typing (backward typing)

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Chemical used for cell typing

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Antisera

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Anti-A color

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Blue

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Anti-B color

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Yellow

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Chemical prepared for serum typing

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RBC

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Discovered Rh Blood Group System

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Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener (1940)

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Rh typing Important antigens

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D, C, E, c, e

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When D antigen binds with anti-D antisera, you are

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Rh Positive

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When antigen D does not bind with anti D antiserum..

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Rh negative

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Series of procedures designed to ensure safety of transferrinf blood

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Compatibility test

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Major Crossmatching

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PS-DR

if antibodies (serum) of patient might destroy tranfused RBC of donor

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Minor Crossmatching

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PR-DS

If RBC of patient might be destroyed by antibodies (serum) of donor

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If patient needs volume replacement or restoration of oxygen-carrying capacity

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Whole Blood tranfusion is needed

(might overload)

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If patient has impairement of oxygen due to being anemic (acute or chronic) or hemorrhage

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Packed Red Blood Cell or PRBC

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If patient has sensitivity to plasma proteins, or just allergic, they need...

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Washed PRBC

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How to remove Plasma Proteins to wash PRBC?

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Use NSS

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NSS means?

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Normal Saline Solution

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To avoid febrile tranfusion reaction, patient needs...

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Leukocyte-reduced PRBC

(remove WBC still in PRBC)

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To avoid graft-versus-host disease (immunodeficient) , patient needs...

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Irradiated PRBC

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To irradiate PRBC, which ray do we use?

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Gamma Rays

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Irradiated PRBC removes what cell in WBC?

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T-cells

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If patient has dengue due to thrombocytopenia/platelet dysfunction, they need...

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Platelet Concentrate

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If patient has severe bleeding in unknown factor deficiency, they need replacement in plasma coagulation factors (to help in clotting). They need...

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Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

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If patient has fibrinogen defects, they need...

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Cryoprecipitate

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Cryofibrinogen, which contains now only fibrinogen, is a melted form of...

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Fresh Frozen Plasma

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Gives rise to fibrin, which closes the wound, finally.

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Fibrinogen

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Where blood typing is performed, and blood/blood components are prepared for transfusion

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Blood bank