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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the leakeys
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famous anthropologist who found early humanoide fossils found in the Great Rift Valley in East Africa
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Homo sapiens
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Wise man known as humans today
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Paleolithic Age
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The Stone Age
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Paleolithic Age aka Stone Age
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Hunter-gatherers this was a traditional society small nomadic groups that used fire lived in this time
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Neolithic Revolution
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New stone age
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Neolithic Revolution aka new stone age
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domestication of plants and animals technology tools and irrigation led to a surplus of food that leads to a larger more complex population villages then towns then cities
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Rivers of Mesopotamia
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The Tigris and Euphrates River
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Mesopotamia
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The land between the two rivers also known as the Fertile Crescent
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Silt
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Rich soil brought by frequent floods of the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers
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Mesopotamias geography
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Frequent floods and droughts no natural boundaries Limited natural resources
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Sumerians religion
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Polytheistic where they believed in more than one God they had ziggurats and had animal sacrifices
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Advances of Sumerians
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They had pyramids known as ziggurats and wrote in cuneiform
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Hammurabi's code
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The Babylonian code of law if broken had harsh punishments
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Egypt
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Known as the gift of the Nile
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Nile River
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Niall flooded regularly leaving behind fertile soil it was a very predictable River of Egypt
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Egypt's geography
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Isolated deserts to the east and west Mediterranean to the north geography protected Egypt the Nile was a good highway for trade
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Pharaohs
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Living God
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Egypt's religion
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Polytheistic they believed in more than one God
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Mummification
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Practiced by Egyptians to prepare dead loved ones for the afterlife
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Hieroglyphic
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The written language of Egypt
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Papyrus
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papyrus reeds were used to make paper on which Egyptians could write hieroglyphics
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Rosetta stone
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helped French decipher what hieroglyphics meant
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Advances of the Egyptian
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Calendar they studied the stars astronomy medicine and irrigation they used Basin
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Indus River civilization
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Harappan civilization harrappa mohenjo-daro planned cities not as much known language is still unknown
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Indus River civilization geography
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located on the subcontinent of India the river is the Indus River monsoons are seasonal winds winter was dry and they came from the north summer was wet and they came from the Indian Ocean the floods from the server brings silt but could also bring problems
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monsoon
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Seasonal winds in the winter they were dry and came from the north in the summer they were wet and came from the Indian Ocean
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The Indus River
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floods brought still but could also bring problems
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why did the civilization end
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No one knows why the civilization ended
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Indus River Valley Civilization governments
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Evidence of a very powerful government
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China's geography
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Isolated by desert mountains and the sea but not completely
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The rivers of China
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Wang he Yellow River also known as China's sorrow
Yangzi River |
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loess
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Yellow silt like dirt produced from the flooding of the huang he River that is why it is also known as the Yellow River
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Shang dynasty 17000 BC through 1027 BC
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Anyang
Family is the center of life parents are the most important of your parents your father is the most important Religion polytheistic ancestor worship Written language thousands of character Mandate of Heaven dynastic cycle build roads and canals |
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Confucius
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Born 551 BC the founder of Confucianism
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Confucianism
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an ethical system where it is believed that people need to know their role and do their duty for there to be P peace and harmony in society believe filial piety
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filial piety
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Respect for your parents and elders
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Analects
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The books where Confucius beliefs are written down
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Daoism
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Sometimes Taoism the goal is to pursue harmony and balance with nature
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qin dynasty
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221-202bc shi huangdi believed in legalism
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shi huangdi
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221 BC harsh ruler who killed people and burned Confucius and Taoism books
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Han Dynasty
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One of China's golden ages Silk Road and believes in Confucianism
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Silk Road
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Trade route that connected many empires
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Hinduism
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holy texts are the Vedas and the Upanishads believe in moksha which was the overall goal reincarnation Dharma and karma
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Reincarnation
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The rebirth of one soul
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Moksha
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The overall goal of Hinduism the union with brahman
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atman
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Yourself your soul
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Karma
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The total of your deeds good and bad
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Dharma
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Your duty
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brahman
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world spirit
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brahma
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the creator
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Vishnu
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the preserver
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shiva
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the destroyer
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Caste system
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a rigid or unchanging social class system of Hinduism
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The ganges River
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A river that is very important to the Hindu religion
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Siddhartha guatama
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The founder of Buddhism also known as buddha
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Budhha
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The leader of Buddhism
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The Four Noble Truths
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1 pain and suffering exists in the world 2 pain and suffering is caused by selfish desires 3 you can get rid of this pain and suffering by getting rid of selfish desires 4 you can get rid of the selfish desires by following the Eightfold Path
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Nirvana
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The overall goal of Buddhism
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Eightfold Path
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The way to get rid of selfish desires and to achieve nirvana
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Judaism
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Originating Canaan followers are called Hebrews
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Torah
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The sacred texts of Judaism
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Abraham
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founder of Judaism
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Covenant with Yahweh
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The promise that if follow what Yahweh says he will love and protect you
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Exodus
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When Egyptian made Hebrew leave their homeland and come to Egypt after this they were finally free by Moses and led back home
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Moses
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Led the Hebrew back to their homeland
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Diaspora
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The dispersal of the Jews
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zoroastrianism
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founded by zoroaster a Persian religion
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Phoenicians
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Great shipbuilders traders and sailors live down the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea in Jordan colonies in North Africa Sicily Sardinia and Spain created the Phoenician alphabet
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Geography of Greece
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Mountainous peninsulas many islands and harbors not a lot of fertile farmland Greeks use the sea to trade and travel had small isolated communities which developed into a small population
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Mynecean civilization
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Early Greeks influenced our religion politics and literature of those that followed
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Trojan War
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12000 BC
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religion of greece
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Gods had human characteristics for example jealousy love and hate polytheistic
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Polis
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A Greek city-state
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Athens
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Develop the democracy Google people but only free adult male that owned property could be a part of it, had a direct democracy
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Sparta
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A military state Peloponnesus is the capital
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helots
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spartan slaves
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Sparta
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powerful military but self expression was frowned upon as well as art and literature or intellectual persuits
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athens
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art literature was very popular, as well as self expression
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pericles
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great leader of Athens
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philosopher
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lover of wisdom ex Socrates Plato Aristotle
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Phillip ll of Macedonia 359 bc
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conquers Greece in 358 bc
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Alexander the great
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356-323 BC.
student of Aristotle Invade Persian Empire conquered Egypt Mesopotamian Persia continued on to Indus River Valley after his death his empire is divided spreads Hellenistic culture |
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Hellenistic culture
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MX culture of Greece Persia and egypt
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Roman Republic
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legend has it it was found in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus
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geography of Rome
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Seven hills on the side forever it only had fertile plains for farming middle of Italian peninsula central to the Mediterranean sea
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early Rome
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Latins Etruscan and Greeks
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Early republic
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Harsh Etruscan Kings driven from power Republic found in 509 BC
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Patricians
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upper class
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plebeians
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Regular people
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Twelve tables
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law applied too and protected all citizens
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Tribune
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Elected to protect plebeians
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Consul
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Like two Kings ran the government commanded the military but only for one year
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Senate
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300 members elected by patricians made laws and spent money
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Roman army
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Green value placed on military very well organized
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Legion
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A large military now
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republic collapses why?
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economic turmoil, many poor people
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Julius Caesar
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assassinated march 15 44 BC
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Octavian v mark Antony (allied w Cleopatra of Egypt)
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Octavian is victorious and calls him self Augustus Caesar the first emperor
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pax roma
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200 year long roman peace
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roman religion
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polytheistic
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rise of christianity
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jews thought Jesus was the Messiah there were twelve apostles he was arrested and crucified
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12 apostles
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followers of Jesus christ
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apostle paul
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wrote letters to spread Christianity preached to Jews and gentiles
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roman christians
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persecuted and thousands killed
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as Rome decline Christianity.....
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rose
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constantine
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ends Christian persecution in Rome, making it a legal religion
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official religion of...... is ...... by 380 ad
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Rome, Christianity
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fall of roman empire
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pax Roma ends economy weakens due to less trade, inflation, food shortages, and corruption of the military and govnt
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diocletian
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284ad strong leader divides the empire into east and west
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constantine
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330ad moves capital to Byzantium, which is renamed to Constantinople
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western empire falls
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476ad Germanic tribes like the hun take over rome
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legacy of rome
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republican govent (representatives)
Strong central govnt powerful army engineering (massive buildings roads and aqueducts) Christianity (roman catholic) |
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Byzantine
empire |
eastern half of the roman empire after the fall of the west 330ad-1453ad
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constsntinople
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capital of the byzantine empire
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religion of the Byzantine empire
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eastern orthodox Christianity
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Byzantine influence on russia
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religion culture Cyrillic alphabet art govnt
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legacy of the Byzantine empire
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preserved ancient Greek and roman culture
code of Justinian(12 tables) eastern orthodox religion(Christianity) art & architecture ex hagia sofia |
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allah
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the Islamic god
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founder or Islamic religion
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Muhammed
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sacred texts of islam
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koran
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Muslim
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islamic religion
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arabic
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descending from Arabia
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jihad
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holy war
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heijira
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Mohammad leaves mecca, goes to medina he return s and conquers mecca 630 ad
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5 pillars of islam
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Faith in God the declaration of there is no other god except Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger
Prayer five daily prayers Fasting refraining from eating and drinking from dawn to dust in the month of Ramadan Paying of alms a tax on your wealth to help the poor The pilgrimage to Mecca Haj Muslims must take at least once in a lifetime visit to the holy city of Mecca if they are able |
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There are two types of Islam
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Sunnis and shiites
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Animism
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the belief that spirits exist in objects found in nature
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Shinto
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religion native to Japan characterized by animism an ancestor worship
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Cultural diffusion
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The spread of cultural ideas from one civilization to another
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ethnocentrism
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The belief that your culture is superior to others
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