Intro To Cog Psyc Exam 1

Front 1

2 critical strands of cognition

Back 1

Representation (structure) and Process

Front 2

Representation (structure)

Back 2

The knowledge you already process; info in your memory

Front 3

Process

Back 3

An operation on an external stimulus or other internal representaion

Front 4

Aristotle's Doctrine of Association

Back 4

Contiguity, similarity, contrast

Hint 4

3 laws, our brains way of a short cut by grouping things

Front 5

Who first founded an psyc lab?

Back 5

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 6

4 factors that led to the birth of cognitive psyc?

Back 6

Psychophysics, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism

Front 7

Define Psychophysics

Back 7

A systematic study of the relationship between physical characteristics of a stimuli and the sensation they produce

Front 8

Define Structualism

Back 8

Concerned with the structure of the mind--what basic behaviors does every person exhibit

Front 9

What is functionalism?

Back 9

Concerned with HOW the mind works--application of the mind

Front 10

What is Behaviorism?

Back 10

Goal is to catalogue connections b/w stimuli and responses by using conditional and operant conditioning

Hint 10

Watson and Skinner experiments

Front 11

Whats is masking?

Back 11

When one target replaces the first target.. essentially "erasing" it from memory

Front 12

What are the 2 proposed methods of pattern recognition?

Back 12

Template theory and feature theory

Front 13

What is template theory?

Back 13

a pattern is treated as an unanalyzed whole (numbers on checks, bar codes)

Front 14

What is feature theory?

Back 14

A separable element of a pattern

Front 15

What are the 4 types of attention?

Back 15

Alerting, vigilance, selective, divided

Front 16

What is "alerting" attention?

Back 16

The ability to orient oneswlf to critical, unexpected stimulus

Hint 16

Flashing road signs

Front 17

What is "vigilance" attention?

Back 17

The ability to devote full attention to one stimulus(complex), detection of chage has high priority

Front 18

What is "Selective" attention

Back 18

The ability to CHOOSE what stimulus to focus on

Front 19

What is "divided" attention?

Back 19

The abilty to focus on 2 or more low attention stimuli at once

Front 20

Define Broadbent's filter theory?

Back 20

Info processing is limited by channel capacity, only one channel can be processed at a time

Front 21

What is the key prediction to Broadbent's filter theory?

Back 21

Selective attention should not be affected by the identity of various messages

Front 22

Explaine dichotic listening?

Back 22

Report what has been presented in either ear...numbers and letters in groups of 3.

Front 23

Describe inattention blindness?

Describe change blindness?

Back 23

Inattentional: Failure to see consciously caused by lack of attention

Change: inability to detect chages in a display, even when trying

Hint 23

Spacing out/guy giving directions doesnt see the asker change into diff person

Front 24

What dors change blindness occur?

Back 24

Because our eyes move so rapidly it cannot process all info given

Front 25

What is the relationship between arousal and performance?

Back 25

If arousal is too low or too high, it causes poor performance

If you find the right level of arousal, it causes high performance

Front 26

What is visual search?

Back 26

Searching through a display for a particular target

Hint 26

Searching through house for keys, word searches

Front 27

Define the stroop effect?

Back 27

It is the interferrence between 2 conflicting pieces of info.

Hint 27

The time it takes to process what color a word is written in

Front 28

Why does stroop effect happen?

Back 28

Because we read so often, our minds read the word before processing anything else, so in ordee to name the color our brains have to switch processes

Front 29

How do you know when something is automatic?

Back 29

Unaware of it, doesnt interfere with other processes, and its unaffected by process

Front 30

What is feature integration theory?

Back 30

1. Parallel Pre-attentive Stage: look for anything that pops out, because we have detectors for every kind of feature, if nothing pops, move to stage 2.

2. Serial attentive stage: all maps form a master map

Front 31

Define algorithm

Back 31

Step by step procedures--slow but guaranteed

Front 32

Defune heuristics

Back 32

A mental shortcut- fast, but not guaranteed

Front 33

Reasons why visual attention is difficult to measure

Back 33

No direct measurement device, need for fixation, attention reflected in reaction time

Front 34

Define exogenous, endogenous, covert and overt

Back 34

Exo: involuntary, automatic, bottom up

Endo: voluntary, controlled, top down

Covert: no eye movement

Overt: eye movement (and head movement)

Front 35

What is declarative memory?

Back 35

Explicit memory, verbally expressed, knowing "what", facts

Front 36

What is non declarative memory?

Back 36

Implicit memory, behaviorally expressed, knowing "how", motor skills

Front 37

What are the 3 components of memory?

Back 37

Encoding, storing, retrieving