Intro To Cns

Front 1

Coronal Plane

Back 1

yields a front and back piece

Front 2

Sagittal Plane

Back 2

yields a left and right piece

Front 3

Horizontal Plane

Back 3

yields a top and bottom piece

Front 4

The 4/5 anatomical lobes

Back 4

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, and (limbic)

Front 5

Central Sulcus

Back 5

separates the frontal and parietal lobe

Front 6

Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian fissure)

Back 6

separates the frontal/parietal lobe with the temporal lobe. It's particularly deep (deep sulci are called fissures)

Front 7

parietooccipial sulcus

Back 7

separates the parietal and occipital lobes (seen in the medial view)

Front 8

Gyrus

Back 8

a ridge in the brain

Front 9

Sulcus

Back 9

a groove between the ridges

Front 10

Corpus Callosum

Back 10

a bundle of axons joining the two cerebral hemispheres together

Front 11

Major fossae of the cranial cavity

Back 11

anterior cranial fossa (holds the frontal lobe),

middle cranial fossa (holds the temporal lobe)... deeper

posterior cranial fossa (holds the cerebellum and brianstem)...largest and deepest

Front 12

Tentorium cerebelli

Back 12

an infolding of dura. creates a tent over cerebellum.

separates the occipital lobe (above) from the cerebellum (below)

Front 13

Anterior Cranial Fossa (bones)

Back 13

Frontal bone (red)

Ethmoid bone (green)

Sphenoid bone (yellow)

Front 14

Middle cranial fossa (bones)

Back 14

Sphenoid bone (yellow)

Temporal bone (green)

Front 15

Posterior cranial fossa (bones)

Back 15

Sphenoid bone (yellow)

Temporal bone (green)

Occipital bone (blue)

Front 16

Cerebral Cortex

Back 16

the layers of neurons that reside along the outer surface of the cerebrum. Most of the human cortex is a six layer cortex (neocortex) (each layer is a neuron), numbered from the outside (pial surface) in.

"gray matter" -->(6 layers) neuronal cell bodies (outside... some subcortical). Stains purple via Nissl stain.

"white matter" -->where the (myelinated fatty) axons reside (inside)

Front 17

Corona radiata (specific white matter region)

Back 17

radiating white matter immediately deep to the cortex that fans out like a "crown"

Front 18

Internal capsule (Specific white matter region)

Back 18

-deep to the corona radiata
-deep white matter tracts that course between nuclei of the basal ganglia and thalamus

Front 19

The five anatomical regions of the internal capsule

Back 19

-Anterior limb
-Posterior limb
-Genu ("at the bend")
-Retrolenticular
-Sublenticular

Front 20

Organization of the cerebral cortex

Back 20

- the cerebral cortex is highly organized

- information is first processed in primary sensory cortices and then travels to association cortices (higher order cortical areas) where integration occurs.

Front 21

Diencephalon (includes)

Back 21

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
and subthalamus.

Front 22

Thalamus

Back 22

-bilateral and highly organized
-comprised of many nuclei
-"gateway" to the cerebral cortex: majority of sensory and motor pathways relay through the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex.
-many cortical regions also send projections back to the thalamus.

Front 23

Hypothalamus

Back 23

-Important in maintaining the internal environment in a physiological range (promotes maintenance of homeostasis).
-Like the thalamus, the hypothalamus is comprises of many different nuclei, each with a specific function.

Front 24

Cerebellum

Back 24

-The cerebellum receives extensive sensory input
-The cerebellum projects to subcortical structures and
(indirectly) to cortical regions.
-The cerebellum influences motor, cognitive and
behavioral functions.

Front 25

Brainstem

Back 25

Three divisions: Midbrain (most rostral) ,Pons, Medulla (most caudal)

-a lot of nuclei

-White matter tracts also travel through the brainstem (ie. from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex).

Front 26

Spinal cord

Back 26

-The rostral spinal cord is continuous with the brainstem at the caudal medulla
-Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord to form
peripheral nerves that carry sensory/motor information to/from the CNS.

Front 27

Ipsilateral (homolateral)

Back 27

same side (red/green)

Front 28

Contralateral

Back 28

opposite side (red/green)

Front 29

Bilateral

Back 29

both sides (two green)

Front 30

The Ventricles

Back 30

A series of continuous
spaces deep in the brain
that contain cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF)
© Lateral ventricle (2)
© 3rd ventricle (1) - the space between the right and left thalamus (holds spinal fluid)
© Cerebral aqueduct (1) -between the midbrain
© 4th ventricle (1) - posterior to the pons, anterior to the cerebellum
© Central canal of the spinal cord (1)

Front 31

Layers of Meninges

Back 31

Dura Mater (yellow)- external meningeal layer. Thick.

Arachnoid (green)- cover the general surface of the brain. Intermediate meningeal layer. Thin membrane.

Pia Mater (red)- internal meningeal layer. Adheres to surface of brain; the only layer to dip in sulci.