Intro To Aba

Front 1

A specific change in one event can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event and was unlikely the result of extraneous variables

Back 1

Functional relation

Front 2

Study of bahavior which assumes that an inner dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension.

Back 2

Mentalism

Front 3

Requires that all simple, logical explanations for phenomenon be ruled out before more complex explanation are considered.

Back 3

Parsimony

Front 4

The repeating of experiments and conditions within experiments which allows scientists to determine the reliability and usefulness of their findings

Back 4

Replication

Front 5

The practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest

Back 5

Empiricism

Front 6

A fictitious variable that often is simply another name for the observed behavior that contributes nothing understanding

Back 6

Explanatory fiction

Front 7

A carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time differs from one condition to another

Back 7

Experiment

Front 8

Requires the scientists to continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as facts

Back 8

Philosophic doubt

Front 9

Considers private stimuli such as thinking and sensing to be no different from public events.

Back 9

Radical behaviorism

Front 10

Presumed but unobserved entity that cannot be manipulated in an experiment

Back 10

Hypothetical Construct

Front 11

Using basic research to develop principles of behavior

Back 11

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

Front 12

A scientific approach to improving socially significant behavior in which applies procedures from the principles of behavior

Back 12

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)

Front 13

Philosophy of the science of behavior

Back 13

Behaviorism

Front 14

Tendency of one event to vary in a regular way with one or more other events

Back 14

functiol relation

Front 15

behavior that can be observed by someone other than the person performing it

Back 15

overt behavior

Front 16

behavior that can be observed only by the person performing it

Back 16

covert behavior

Front 17

behavior tht is most readily influenced by events that precede it; reflexive behavior

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respondent behavior

Front 18

Behavior that is readily influenced by events that follow it.

Back 18

operant behavior

Front 19

all of the things an individual is capable of doing at any given moment

Back 19

Repertoire

Front 20

any event in a person's environment that can be observed

Back 20

Environmental event

Front 21

Environmental events that occur before a behavior

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Antecedent

Front 22

Environmental events that occur after a behavior

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Consequence

Front 23

All the environmental events that have affected a person's behavior up to the present

Back 23

Learning history

Front 24

The attempt to solve behavior problems by providing antecedents and or consequences that change behavior

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Applied behavior analysis

Front 25

The view that behavior problems are merely symptoms of an underlying psychological disorder

Back 25

Medical model

Front 26

The idea that if a behavior problem is solved without resolving the underlying psychological disorder, another behavior problem will take its place

Back 26

Symptom substitution

Front 27

Anecdotal records

Back 27

Refers to recording the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences occurring in an environment an involving the individual subject; often used to identify and define a target behavior and interventions.

Front 28

Permanent products

Back 28

These are permanent data forms that may be viewed repeatedly (e.g., paper-pencil products, videotapes, or audiotapes).

Front 29

Percent correct

Back 29

Used when the number of opportunities to perform the target behavior may vary from observation to observation.

Front 30

IOA

Back 30

Two or more observers record the target behavior independently and simultaneously; later, results are compared to determine if the target behavior is being measured reliably; reliability is calculated differently depending on the method used for recording behavior

Front 31

Frequency

Back 31

Used when behavior can easily be counted and the length of the observation is constant, opportunities to perform the behavior should not be a controlled number.

Front 32

Rate

Back 32

Used as frequency recording except that length of observations vary; the number of responses per unit of time is calculated and reported (e.g., one response per minute).

Front 33

Trials to criterion

Back 33

Used to measure events (occurrence of target behavior) when the researcher wishes to determine how many occurrences are required to achieve a criterion level of performance.

Front 34

Cumulative recording

Back 34

Method of estimating the frequency of the target behavior using a period that has been divided into equal intervals of time for individual observations; not to be confused with interval schedules of reinforcement.

Front 35

Whole interval

Back 35

Provides a smaller estimate of frequency; behavior is recorded only of it occurs throughout the entire interval.

Front 36

Partial interval

Back 36

Provides the greater estimate of frequency; behavior is recorded if emitted at any point during the interval.

Front 37

Momentary time sampling

Back 37

Provides the roughest estimate of frequency; behavior is recorded if occurring at a specific movement at the conclusion of an interval; may be used to record behavior of more than one individual simultaneously.

Front 38

Magnitude

Back 38

Measure of intensity or strength of the target behavior.

Front 39

Topography

Back 39

Measure of the appropriate appearance or correctness of the target behavior.

Front 40

Duration

Back 40

Used when how long the behavior is emitted is the primary concern

Front 41

Latency

Back 41

How long it takes for the behavior to occur following the antecedent

Front 42

ITT

Back 42

Amount of elasped time between responses

Front 43

Antecedent stimulus class

Back 43

Stimuli that share a common relationship. Evoke or elicit same behaviors

Front 44

Automaticity of reinforcement

Back 44

Behavior is modified by it's consequences regardless of whether the individual is aware of reinforcement

Front 45

Behavior

Back 45

The portion of an organism's interaction with its environment. Observable and measurable

Front 46

Behaviorism

Back 46

Philosophy of a science of behavior

Front 47

Behavioral cusp

Back 47

A behavior that has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend beyond the change becauses it exposes the person to new environments, reinforcers, contingencies, responses and stimulus control

Front 48

Conditioned stimulus

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Stimulus component of a conditioned reflex; formerly neutral stimulus change that elicits respondent bx only after it has been pair with a US or other CS

Front 49

Dependent variable

Back 49

The variable measured to determine if it changes as a result if manipulating the IV

Front 50

Determinism

Back 50

The universe if a lawful orderly place, phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in an accidental fashion

Front 51

Discriminated operant

Back 51

An operant that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than under others

Front 52

Discriminated stimulus

Back 52

Stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have not been reinforced.

Front 53

Feature stimulus class

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Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures or relative relationships. "made from wood".

Front 54

Independent variable

Back 54

The variable that is sytematically manipulated to see whether it produces reliable changes in the DV

Front 55

Imitation

Back 55

behavior A behavior controlled by physical movement as a model, has similarity with the model and immediately follows the model.

Front 56

habituation

Back 56

A decrease in responsiveness to repeated presentation of a stimulus

Front 57

habilition

Back 57

When a person's repretoire has been changed so that the short and long-term REINFORCERS are MAXimized and short and long-term PUNISHERS are MINImized

Front 58

An unintended change in the way an observer uses a measurement system that results in error.

Back 58

Observer drift

Front 59

Reactivity

Back 59

Effects of an observation and measurement procedure on the behavior being measured if person is aware of observer's presence

Front 60

A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.

Back 60

Premack Principle

Front 61

Replication

Back 61

Repeating conditions to determine the realibility and increase internal validity, and to determine the generality of findings of previous experiments

Front 62

Reinforcer assessment

Back 62

Direct, empirical methods for presenting one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and measuring their effectiveness as reinforcers

Front 63

Stimulus delta

Back 63

A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past

Front 64

A decrease in the frequency of behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that has followed the behavior.

Back 64

Satiation

Front 65

Stimulus

Back 65

An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells.

Front 66

A group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal (size/color), temporal (antecedent/consequence), and/or functional (discriminative stimulus) dimensions.

Back 66

Stimulus class

Front 67

When the rate, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.

Back 67

Stimulus control

Front 68

Antecedent stimuli that evoke same response, different forms. Ex: peanuts, cheese, milk, chicken (antecedent stimuli) evoke- "sources of protein" (response)

Back 68

Arbitrary stimulus class

Front 69

Behaviours that look different but have the same effect on environment

Back 69

Functional Response Class

Front 70

3 levels of scientific understanding

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3 levels of scientific understanding Description, prediction, control

Front 71

Changes that last over time, appears in different environments, behaviors change that were not the target behavior

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Generality

Front 72

Procedures are derived from the principles of behavior

Back 72

Conceptually systematic