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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A methodical, logical procedure for problem solving.
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algorithm
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Heuristic in which people make decisions based upon their most available memories.
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availability heuristic
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The bias that occurs when humans search for information to confirm or support preconceived ideas.
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confirmation bias
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The phenomenon that occurs when people cannot think of a situation in a new way because they cannot escape their current way of conceiving of the situation.
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fixation
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The way in which a topic is presented, which can affect a person's judgment of the topic or decision-making processes.
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framing
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The phenomenon that occurs when the perception of the functions of an object is fixed & does not allow for other creative uses of the object.
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functional fixedness
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Shortcuts to solving problems, or "rules of thumb."
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heuristics
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The sudden development of a solution to a problem.
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insight
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The phenomenon that occurs when a solution that has worked in the past is repeatedly attempted, despite the fact that the solution no longer works or that more efficient solutions exist.
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mental set
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"Thinking about thinking" in order to improve one's cognitive ability.
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metacognition
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Idealized versions of concepts.
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prototypes
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Heuristic in which an individual relies upon his or her impressions of an ambiguous piece of information & how closely it fits a familiar defined structure.
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representativeness heuristic
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The process of trying out solutions in the order in which they come to mind until one solution works.
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trial & error learning
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