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44 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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epidemiology
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study of cause and distribution of disease
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mortality
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disease related deaths
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morbidity
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disease occurence
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incidence
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rate, number of new cases
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prevalence
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cases present at a given time
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what are the five factors affecting disease?
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age, ethnic group, gender, socioeconomic factors/lifestyle, and geographic location
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how does age affect disease?
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we deteriorate. vasculature hardens diseases progress
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how does ethnic group affect disease?
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caucasians =more likely> cystic fibrosis
african Americans =more likely> sickle cell |
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how does gender affect disease?
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anatomical differences eg prostate/breast cancer
w =less likely> CVD before 55 m =less likely> thyroid disease |
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socioeconomic factors affect disease?
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possibility of poverty, malnutrition, or overcrowding
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how does lifestyle affect disease?
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smoking, sedentary, poor diet => suboptimal health poss. disease
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how does geographic location affect disease?
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environment specific diseases eg malaria-humidity
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Etiology
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cause or reason for disease
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inherited
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got it from my momma eg. mutated gene cystic fibrosis
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congenital
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prenatal exposure usually affecting brain development
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infectious
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acquired from infectious agent eg bacteria, virus, fungus
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degenerative
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progressive deterioration eg: Parkinsons
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neoplastic
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caused by uncontrolled cell growth eg: cancer
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immunological
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cause by an immune response eg: AIDS
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metabolic
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alterations in body chemistry eg: diabetes
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nutritional
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related to adequacy of nutrients eg: anemia or scurvy
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psychogenic
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emotionally triggered disease eg: irritable bowel syndrome
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iatrogenic
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caused by medical intervention eg: infection resulting from surgery
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idiopathic
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unable to identify specifically eg: hypertension
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pathogenesis
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development of disease from inital stimulus to manifestations
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how does time affect pathogenesis?
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some diseases have stages that correspond to progression of time
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how does quantity affect pathogenesis?
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quantity of exposure affects presence and severity of disease eg; high virulence of dysentery or hours in the sun
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how does location affect pathogenesis?
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skin cancer will have different progression than brain cancer
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how do morphological changes affect pathogenesis?
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form changes function eg: hypertension leading to dilated chamber ultimately imparied function => backup into other chambers disease progresses
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subjective feelings such as pain, fatigue, and nausea are examples of...
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symptoms
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objective qualities such as redness, temperature, and pulse rate are examples of...
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signs
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a collection of signs and symptoms is called
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a syndrome eg: AIDS
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the latent period (incubation if infectious) is the time between ... and ...
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exposure to stimulus and first signs/symptoms
short: food poisoning long: AIDS |
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the stage where you first start experiencing signs and symptoms
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prodromal
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subclinical stage
*not all diseases |
normal function with disease present eg:kidney disease
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dont need to be in the clinic yet
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most intense state of disease
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acute
most patients in hospital are in this state |
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convalesence
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period of recovery
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exacerbation
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increase in signs/symptoms
more common in chronic diseases eg: asthma or herpes |
flair up
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remission
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decrease in severity of signs/symptoms
permanent => "cured" |
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acute illness
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curable
severe manifestations short course eg: cold, UTI |
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uncurable, lasting 6 months or more, with varying intensity of S&S
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Chronic illnesses
eg: emphysema or diabetes GOAL: manage symptoms |
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primary prevention examples
(actively minimize incidence) |
childhood immunizations, sex ed, safety precautions
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secondary prevention examples
(before its bad) |
yearly physicals, self exam, screening
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tertiary prevention examples
(bulk of our involvement) |
medical treatment-meds, chemo, physical/psycho therapy
surgical procedures |
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