Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does it mean by interrogation?
|
Accusatory nature, whereby the suspect is told they have commited the crime, the interrogator just wants a confession
|
|
|
What does it mean by investigative?
|
Building a rapport to prompt the suspect to disclose valuable information, search for truth without forcing
|
|
|
Williamson (93)
|
Argued that the use of unethical behaviour in interrogations had lead to police officers with the lack of skills to ask questions to get information
|
|
|
Too much interrogation may lead to..... (Give one case example) |
False Confessions- Micheal Crowe Case (02)
|
|
|
Reid Technique- Interrogation Method
|
1. Direct confrontation 2. Theme Development 3. Handling Details 4. Overcome Objections 5. Procurement and retention of suspects of attention 6. Handling Suspects passive mood 7. Presenting an alternative question 8. Having the suspect orally relate 9. Converting oral confession into written |
|
|
Inbau et al (13) - what Reid technique does
|
Themes of accusation Usage of bluff, deceit or out right lies Minimalize the crime to gain a confession |
|
|
Name 4 false assumptions of interviews/interrogations
|
That the guilty only confess Police are experts at telling guilty and not that a confession has to be made interviews are the only aspect of investigation |
|
|
Stockdale (93) - what makes an effective interview
|
Suggests that planning and preparation are key aspect of interview Leads to further investigation Knowledge of legalisation Fairness and openness Use of proper skills and techniques |
|
|
PEACE Model
|
Prepare+ Plan Explain + Engage Account, Clarify + Challenge Closure Evaluation Can be used with any suspect or situation Persuasive technique |
|
|
Principles of Interviewing
|
To gain accurate and reliable information To act fair + treat with consideration Investigative mindset Ask a wide range of questions Not accept first answer Even when suspect has the right to remain silent, still have to ask q's |
|
|
Importance of Rapport
|
Connect + Empathise Concern Avoid generic pre-determined q's Use open questions |
|
|
McGurk, Carr + McGurk - How good is PEACE
|
Used knowledge tests of hypothetical simulated conditions and real life interviews They identified better examples after training related to: Open Mindedness Questioning Tech Interview structure + listening skills Communication skills |
|
|
Clarke + Milne (01)
|
Planning should be integral Although widely forgotten - maybe a lack of time |
|
|
What is a confession
|
Suspect confesses to a crime or behaviour
|
|
|
Hilgendorf + Irving (81)
|
Suspects have to make choice when they enter the room Speak or remain silent Lie or tell truth |
|
|
Kassin and Wrightsman (85)
|
3 of confession Voluntary confession Coerced internalised confession Coerced compliant confession |
|
|
Why do people confess?
|
Potential reduced crime punishment e.g. time May be the end of it Strong evidence against them |
|
|
Vernard (84)
|
3 common reasons why people might give false confessions: Promise of early release or reduced punishment Prolonged detention Actual or threaten violence |
|
|
Name 2 coping strategies
|
Resistant suspect - one who maintains their own version of the truth, reject interrogators attempt to persuade Coerced suspect-one who changes their version to fit the interrogators version |
|
|
Suspect Appraisal and Evaluation
|
On entering the interrogation/interview, a suspect may appraise and evaluate their position, choosing the right coping strategy depending This strategy might change throughout, possibly due to building evidence, stress - leading the suspect to make errors |
|
|
Psychological variable- Coerced compliant
|
Understandable in terms of social influence on the suspects decision making - e.g. to avoid an aversive situation
|
|
|
Psychological variable- Coerced internalised
|
More complex Mix of self perception, IQ, Memory, + psychological state , which may lead to suggestibility |
