Integumentary System

Front 1

EPIDERMIS

Back 1

Superficial layer of the skin; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Front 2

CAROTENE

Back 2

Yellow to orange pigment that accumulates in the statum corneum epidermal layer and in fatty tissue of the hypodermis.

Front 3

ALOPECIA

Back 3

Baldness

Front 4

MELANIN

Back 4

Dark pigment formed by cells called Melanocytes; imparts color to skin and hair.

Front 5

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

Back 5

Epidermal glands that produce an oily secretion called Sebum.

Front 6

APOCRINE SWEAT GLAND

Back 6

Sweat glands found over entire region of body, except the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Especially abundant in axillary, and anogenital region. Secretion consists of water, salts, proteins, and fatty acids.

Front 7

SUDORIFEROUS GLAND

Back 7

Epidermal gland that produces sweat.

Front 8

MELANOMA

Back 8

Cancer of the melanocytes; can begin wherever there is pigment.

Front 9

ECCRINE GLANDS

Back 9

Sweat glands abundant on the palms, soles of feet, and forehead; secretion composed of 99% water, salts, wastes.

Front 10

KERATIN

Back 10

Fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails that makes those structures hard and water-repellant; pre-cursor to keratohyaline.

Front 11

PAPILLA

Back 11

Small, nipple-like projections;

Front 12

DERMAL PAPILLA

Back 12

Projections of dermal tissue into the epidermis.

Front 13

HYPODERMIS (SUPERFICIAL FASCIA)

Back 13

Subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin; consists of adipose plus some areolar connective tissue.

Front 14

DERMIS

Back 14

Layer of skin deep to the epidermis; composed of dense irregular tissue.

Front 15

FURUNCLE (BOILS)

Back 15

Inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands; infection spread to hypodermis.

Front 16

URTICARIA (HIVES)

Back 16

Skin condition commonly caused by allergic reaction:
1. Raised red skin welts
2. Severe itching
3. Burning
4. Often have a pale border.

Front 17

PSORIASIS

Back 17

Chronic condition characterized by raised, reddened epidermal lesions:
Covered w/dry sivery scales that:
1. itch
2. burn
3. crack
4. sometimes bleed/become infected.

Front 18

CYANOSIS

Back 18

When hemoglobin is poorly oxygenated, both the blood and skin of Caucasians appear blue.

Front 19

DECUBITUS ULCER (BED SORE)

Back 19

Localized breakdown and ulceration of skin due to interference w/ its blood supply.

Front 20

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Back 20

1.Arise from Keratinocytes of stratum spinosum.
2.Appears scaly reddened papule (small rounded elevation.)
3.Grows rapidly
4. Metastasizes.

Front 21

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Back 21

1.Least malignant
2.Most common
3.Stratum Basale cells proliferate-invade dermis/hypodermis
4.Lesions occur most often on sun-exposed area of face.
5. Slow growing

Front 22

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN

Back 22

1.Protective Barrier
2.Temperature Control
3.Cutaneous sensation
4.Metabolism
5.Blood reservoir
6.Energy Storage
7.Excretion

Front 23

HAIR GROWTH CYCLE

Back 23

1.ANAGEN:active growth phase
2.CATAGEN:Regressive phase
3.TELOGEN:Resting phase:1-2
month duration
4.Matrix proliferates again-forms new hair.

Front 24

STRUCTURES FOUND IN DERMAL PAPILLAE

Back 24

1.Capillary Loops
2.Free nerve endings
3.Meissner's Corpuscles
4.Dermal/Epidermal Ridges

Front 25

FUNCTION/LOCATION OF
MEISSNER'S CORPUSCLES

Back 25

FUNCTION: Touch Receptors
LOCATION: Papillary layer of
Dermis

Front 26

FUNCTION/LOCATION OF
NAKED NERVE ENDINGS

Back 26

FUNCTION: Pain Receptors
LOCATION: Papillary layer of
Dermis

Front 27

FUNCTION/LOCATION OF
PACINIAN CORPUSCLES
(LAMELLATED CORPUSCLES)

Back 27

FUNCTION: Detects deep
pressure vibrations.
LOCATION: Deep Dermis
(Hypodermis)

Front 28

FUNCTION OF THE HYPODERMIS

Back 28

1. Insulation
2. Anchors skin to skeletal
muscles.
3. Shock absorbers

Front 29

TISSUES OF THE HYPODERMIS

Back 29

LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
1. Adipose Tissue
(Subcutaneous Fat)
2. Areolar Tissue
(Connective-superficial
fascia)
3. Nerve Bundles
4. Pacinian Corpuscles

Front 30

TISSUES OF DERMIS

Back 30

1. SWEAT GLANDS
A. Eccrine
B. Apocrine
2. SEBACEOUS GLANDS

Front 31

FUNCTION OF THE DERMIS

Back 31

1. Binds entire body together.
2. Sensory (touch)
3. Waterproofing
4. Lubricant(Sebaceous Glands)

Front 32

TISSUES OF THE DERMAL LAYERS

Back 32

1. Papillary Layer:
A. Areolar connective tissue
B. Dermal Papillae
2. Reticular Layer:
A. Dense irregular
connective tissue

Front 33

FUNCTION OF MERKEL CELLS

Back 33

SPIKY HEMISPHERE-SHAPED CELLS
1. Light-pressure sensory
receptor.
2. Location:Epidermal/Dermal
Junction.

Front 34

FUNCTION OF LANGERHANS' CELLS
(Epidermal Dendritic cells)

Back 34

Modified Macrophages that arise from bone marrow, and migrate to epidermis that help to activate our immune system.

Front 35

FUNCTION OF MELANOCYTES

Back 35

Spider-shaped epithelial cells that:
1. Synthesize pigment melanin
2. Found in deepest layer of
epidermis
3. Transfer Melanin to
Keratinocytes.

Front 36

FUNCTION OF KERATINOCYTES

Back 36

Produce Keratin, the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties.

Front 37

CHARACTERISTICS OF
STRATUM CORNEUM (HORNY LAYER)

Back 37

1. 20-30 cell layers thick
2. Accounts for up to 3/4 of
the epidermal thickness.
3. Protective layer of
Keratinized cells
Cells are dead; represented by only flat membranous sacs filled with keratin.

Front 38

CHARACTERISTICS OF
STRATUS LUCIDUM (CLEAR LAYER)

Back 38

1. Three cells thick
2. Only found in thick skin
3. Clear, dead keratinocytes

Front 39

CHARACTERISTICS OF
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
(GRANULAR LAYER)

Back 39

1. Three to five layers thick
2. Slows water loss across
epidermis.
3. High zone of diffusion
Cells are flattened; organelles deteriorate; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratinohyaline granules.

Front 40

CHARACTERISTICS OF
STRATUM SPINOSUM
(PRICKLE CELLS0

Back 40

1. Several cell layers thick
2. Appear spiny
3. Keratinocytes w/melanin
granules, and Langerhans'
cells scattered throughout.
Cells contain thick, tension-resisting bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin: Web-like system that attach to desmosomes

Front 41

CHARACTERISTICS OF
STRATUM BASALE
(BASAL LAYER0

Back 41

1. One cell layer thick
2. Deepest epidermal layer
3. Youngest Keratinocytes
4. High mitotic rate
5. 10-25% are melanocytes