Integumentary System

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Integumentary System

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composed of the skin, the largest organ of the body & its acccesory structures,the hair , nails, sebaceous glands & sweat glands

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Functions of the skin

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the external covering of the body,weighs more than 6 pounds, and is the largest organ of the body, has 4 functions

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Function of the skin-
protection

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-protective membrane agianist invasion by bacteria &other harmful agents
-inhibits excessive loss of water & electrolytes
-guards the body agianist excessive exposure to sun's UV rays

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Functions of the skin-Regulation

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skin serves to raise or lower body temperature as necessary

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Functions of the skin-Sensation

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skin contains nerve endings that acts a sensory receptors to pain touch, heat cold & pressure

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Functions of the skin-Secretion

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contains millions of sweat glands,which screte sweat & sebaceous glands, which scerete oil (sebum) for lubrication

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what are the 2 layers of skin

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Epidermis & Dermis

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What are the accessory structures of the skin

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Hair,nails,sebaceous glands & Sweat glands

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Hair

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- a this like structure formed by a group of cells that develop within a hair follicle
- hair is composed of shaft and root
-base of hair follicle is hair papila
-the pilomotor muscle attaches to side of each follicle
-hair grows at approximately o.5 inch a month

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Nails

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-structures of the epidermis & are composed of Keratin
-consists of body, root & a nailbed(matrix)
-the white crescent-shaped area of the nail is the lunula
-average growth is 1mm per week

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Sebaceous (oil) glands

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-Oil secreting glands of the skin are called sebaceous glands
-they have tiny ducts that open into the hair follicles & they scereste sebum which lubricates hair as well as the skin

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Sweat glands

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-are distributes over entire surface of the body with the exception of the margin of the lips,glans penis
- sweat glads secrete glands sweat,eliminates waste through the pores of the skin

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acne

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inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands & the hiar follicles; pimples

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actinic dermatitis

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inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to radiant energy, such as x-rays, UV light & sunlight

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albinism

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gentic condition in which there is a partial or total absence of pigament in skin, hair & eyes

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alopecia

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absence or loss of hair, especially of the head

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anhidrosis

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abnormal condidtion in which there is a lack of or complete adsence of sweating

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Autograft

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graft taken from one part of the patients body

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Basal Cell Carcinoma

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malignant tumor of the skin
-usually begins as a small, shiny papule and enlarges to form a whitish border around a central depression

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boil

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painful nodule formed in the subcutaneous layers of the the skin or hair
-caused by invasion of bacteria

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Candidiasis

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infection of the skin or mucous membranes with candida albicans

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Carbuncle

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infection of subcutaneous tissue, usually composed of a cluster of boils

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cellutitis

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inflammation of the skin & subcutaneous tissuse characterized by local heat, redness,pain & swelling

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Dermatology

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study of the skin

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Dermatone

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instrument to cut, used for grafting

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Dermomycosis

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skin condition caused by a fungus

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Ecchymosis

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abnormal condition in which the blood seeps into the skin causing dicolorations ranging from blue-black to greenish yellow

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Erythema

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redness of the skin; caused by capillary congestion, inflammation , heat, sunlight or cold temperature

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Eschar

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slough, scab

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exudate

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an oozing of pus or serum

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follicultitis

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inflammation of a hair follicle

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Gangrene

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death of tissue or bone that usually results from a absent blood supply to the area

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impetigo

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skin infection marked by vesicles usually caused by streptococci

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jaundice

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yellow-symptom of a disease in which there is excessive bile in the blood; the skin, white of the eyes & mucous membranes are yellow

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Icteric

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pertaining to jaundice

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keloid

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overgrowth of scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation

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Leukplakia-

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white spots or patches formed on the mucous membrane of the tongue

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Pruuritus-

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sever itching

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Onychomycosis

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a fungal infection of the nails

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Onychitis

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inflammation of the nail

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Melanoma

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Cancer that develops in the pigment cells of the skin

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Psoriasis

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skin condition characterized by frequent episodes of redness,itching & thick, Dry scales on the Skin

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Purpura

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Purplish discoloration of the skin caused by extravasation of blood into the tissues

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Striae

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streaks or lines on the breats, thighs abdomen or buttocks caused by weakening of elastic tissue
can be cause by obesity or result of pregnancy

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Ulcer

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open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane

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Vitiligo

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Skin condition characterized by mile-white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigemntation